42 



Table 25— Concluded. 



Industry. 



Quantity. 



Grown in 

 Pennsyl- 

 vania. 



Pumps 



Agricultural implements, 



Ladders, 



Instruments, musical 



Sporting and atliletic goods 



Pulleys and conveyors, 



Rollers and poles 



Machine construction, 



Patterns and flasks, 



Ships and boat building, 



Printing material, 



Manual training practice 



(sloyd) 



Miscellaneous 



Total 



50,ooa 



.12 



15 00 



750 



50,000 



42,000 



.10 



22 86 



960 



32,000 



22,000 



.05 



18 27 



402 



22,000 



20,000 



.05 



22 00 



440 



20,000 



.05 



17 25 



345 



20,000 



15,000 



.04 



20 00 



300 



15,000 



12,000 



.03 



14 00 



168 



12,000 



11,000 



.03 



14 55 



160 



11.000 



10,000 



.03 



25 00 



250 



10,000 



2,500 



.01 



26 00 



65 



1,500 



2,000 



.01 



SO 00 



60 



2,000 



600 





28 33 



17 



600 



175,003 



.43 



14 86 



2,600 



175,003 



40,244,300 



100. 00 



$17 42 



$701,244 



27,556,900 



RED GUM. 

 ( Liquidamhar styrnciflua). 

 Red gum in late years has grown in commercial importance more than any 

 other domestic wood. It was formerly considered of little value, owing to 

 difficulty in seasoning; but with the coming of improved methods of kiln-dry- 

 ing, both for veneer and lumber, these obstacles have been overcome and the 

 wood has become available for a great number of uses. It was reported in 

 Pennsylvania by twenty-three industries. The red gum tree grows in Pennsyl- 

 vania, especially in the southeastern and middle portions of the State, where 

 its cut was reported by 130 mills. It is not related, as its common name indi- 

 cates, to the other gums, the water gum, and black gum, the cotton or tupelo 

 gum, though often growing with them in the southern extension of its range. 

 The red gum has a starlike leaf and bears its numerous seeds in spiny, round 

 balls. The black gum has an oval leaf, and bears a small bluish black drupe 

 containing a single seed. The wood of the red gum is fairly strong, soft and 

 tough. It has a slightly interlocked grain, a fine, uniform texture, and takes 

 a good polish. The color of the wood is not uniform. The sapwood is almost 

 white and on the market is sold separately as sap gum. The heartwood is 

 generally a reddish light brown. In some trees it is uniformly dark, while 

 in others the dark wood runs in irregular streaks mottling the wood and giv- 

 ing it a figure resembling Circassian walnut. Pennsylvania furniture makers 

 use this wood in the largest quantities, finishing it often to imitate more ex- 

 pensive hardwoods, mahogany, walnut, quarter-sawed oak, and cherry. 



