45 



expensive cabinet woods. It has an intermediate grain, is hard, dense, heavy, 

 moderately stiff, tough and durable, rather difficult to season, hard to split, 

 and rather easy to work. Curly birch is an accidental structure in the wood, 

 due to cross grain corresponding to the similarly figured maples and is 

 highly prized by cabinet makers and manufacturers of high class furniture. 

 Yellow birch is also an excellent wood. Much of it is marketed with sweet 

 birch without distinction. In Pennsylvania it was not possible to determine 

 to what extent the two woods were desired for similar purposes, or for what 

 uses the manufacturers preferred the one to the other; so accordingly they 

 have been presented in this report under one name. • 



In vehicle making birch bolts are used extensively in competition with elm 

 for hubs, and it is in this industry that the red or river birch finds its chief 

 market. Birch lumber cut from river birch is usually of low grade and most 

 of that used in Pennsylvania was reported by the box makers, who used 

 birch of all species in larger amounts than any other industry. The planing 

 mills and fixture makers demanded birch for interior trim in imitation of 

 mahogany, and the furniture makers called for it for the same reason be- 

 cause it is the nearest approach to mahogany of any of the domestic woods. 



Table 28. — Consumption of Birch, year ending June, 1912. 



Industry. 









4-> 

 <W 



f. 



Grown in 



Grown Out 





Quantity. 





c 



Pennsyl- 



of Penn- 











o 



vania. 



sylvania. 



















Feet b. m. 



1 



a 



a- 

 t; 



S-i 



i) 



Average cost per 

 at factory. 



Tota cost f. 0. b. 



Feet b. m. 



Feet b. m. 



Boxes and crates, packing 



Planing mill products, 



Vehicles and vehicle parts, 



Furniture, 



Laundry appliances, 



Chairs and chair stock 



Fixtures 



Toys, 



Woodenware and novelties 



Mine equipment, 



Car construction 



Handles, 



Dairymen's, poulterers' and api- 

 arists' supplies, 



Plumbers' woodwork, 



Instruments, musical, 



Baskets, fruit and vegetable,.. 

 Refrigerators and kitchen cab 



inets, 



Brushes 



Pumps, 



Printing material, 



Agricultural implements, 



Rollers and poles, 



Pulleys and conveyors , 



Frames and moulding, picture, 

 Clocks 



Machine construction 



Pipes, tobacco, 



Caskets and coffins, 



Miscellaneous 



Total, 



5,999,000 



32.19 



$16 76 



$100,556 



2,488,500 



4,493,442 



24.11 



39 84 



179,033 



2,138,844 



1,514,500 



8.13 



48 11 



72,864 



455,000 



1,138,270 



6.11 



29 10 



33,126 



525,900 



1,090,000 



5.85 



12 72 



13,860 



1,070,000 



992,400 



5.33 



30 05 



29,824 



583,500 



832,300 



4.47 



36 60 



30,461 



438,500 



617,000 



3.31 



23 84 



14,708 



617,000 



466,500 



2.50 



25 95 



12,105 

 8,143 



230,000 



336,075 



1.80 



24 23 



336,075 



312,845 



1.68 



28 86 



9,029 



231,045 



207,750 



1.11 



18 13 



3,766 



205,250 



100,000 



.54 



18 00 



1,800 



100,000 



95,000 



.51 



30 95 



2,940 



75,000 



90,000 



.48 



23 89 



2,150 



50,000 



70,000 



.38 



22 43 



1,570 



70,000 



65,000 



.35 



25 15 



1,635 



30,000 



51,000 



.27 



14 02 



715 



51,000 



50,000 



.27 



17 00 



850 



50,000 



30,000 



.16 



50 00 



1,500 



10,000 



20,000 



.11 



24 00 



480 



20,000 



12,000 



.06 



14 00 



168 



12,000 



10,000 



.05 



20 00 



200 



10,000 



7,500 



.04 



75 00 



562 





4,000 



.02 



45 00 



180 





3,000 



.02 



25 00 



75 



3,000 



2,000 



.01 



50 00 



100 





1,000 



.01 



24 00 



24 



1,000 



25,000 



.13 



14 00 



350 



25,000 



18,635,582 



100.00 



$28 05 



$522,774 



9,826,614 













