81 



Gunwales. 

 Spruce. 

 . Mahogany. 



Paddles. 

 Spruce. 

 Sugar maple. 



Planking. 



White cedar. 

 Spruce. 



Spanish cedar. 



CANOES AND SKIFFS. 

 Ribs. 



White cedar, 

 Spanish cedar. 

 White ash. 



Decks. 



White ash. 

 Sweet birch. 

 Sugar maple. 

 Mahogany. 



Bottom Boards. 

 Shortleaf pine. 

 Douglas fir. 

 Spruce. 

 White pine. 

 Cypress. 



Sides. 



White pine. 

 Douglas fir. 

 Hemlock. 

 Spruce. 



Oars. 



Spruce. 

 Wl^ite ash. 



ROW BOATS. 



Stern Pos] 



White oak. 

 Red oak. 

 Longleaf pine. 



Transoms . 



Shortleaf pine. 

 Spruce. 

 Hemlock. 

 White pine. 



Seats. 



White pine. 

 Longleaf pine. 

 Shortleaf pine. 

 Hemlock. 



Longleaf pine is the principal species for shipbuilding. It is listed ahead 

 of all other woods, not only in Pennsylvania but in all the important boat 

 building states. Douglas fir is brought from the Pacific coast states especially 

 for parts, as is seen above, requiring timbers of large dimensions and long 

 lengths. It is easily worked, holds its shape, and, similar to longleaf pine, 

 possesses great tensile strength and elasticity. The Pennsylvania ship build- 

 ers demand more of this wood than is shown by the same industry in any 

 other state. The same is true of hemlock and this is quite significant in that 

 it serves principally for bottoms, planking, and other parts of river crafts 

 for which white pine heretofore has been most extensively used. White pine 

 still meets a portion of the ship builders' demands, irrespective of its grow- 

 ing price. Of the total amount used, 65 per cent, was reported as home 

 grown. Mahogany, teak and Spanish cedar were the only foreign woods re- 

 ported. 



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