103 



MACHINE CONSTRUCTION. 



Most parts of the machinery equipment of paper mills, flour mills, ice 

 factories, sawmills, cotton gins, etc., are made of iron and steel, but for 

 others wood is required and it is the different kinds of lumber for making 

 these parts that are listed in Table 64. Electrical machinery parts and other 

 electrical apparatus are not included in this class. This information will be 

 presented subsequently as a separate industry. It is natural to infer that 

 wooden parts of machinery must, in a great number of cases, call for lumber 

 of great strength. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that white oak is 

 the preponderant wood, comprising over one-third of the total and that long- 

 leaf pine and hickory follow it in quantity. The largest amount of hickory 

 in the form of plank is shown in this industry. The vehicle and handle 

 makers report using more but their raw material is in billet form, in squares, 

 and in bolts. Douglas fir is the only Pacific coast wood listed. Like long- 

 leaf pine it possesses considerable strength and because the trees grow large 

 and of great height, timber of large dimensions and length can readily be ob- 

 tained. This probably accounts for its appearance in this industry, far from 

 where it is cut. The average price is nearly twice that of longleaf pine. 



Machine parts must necessarily be made from high grade lumber and in 

 this connection it is interesting to note that nearly 55 per cent, of all that 

 was reported was grown in the State. The factories included in this indus- 

 try are numerous, though compared with other industries they use small 

 amounts of wood. The fact that the requirements of these manufacturers 

 are met so largely by the forests of the State should elicit their interest in 

 the movement to protect forests and thereby perpetuate the State's timber 

 supply. Some parts of 14 of the 19 woods listed in the table were cut in 

 Pennsylvania, and their principal uses have been arranged in the order of 

 their importance as follows: 



Bins (Road Equipment). 

 Shortleaf pine. 



Breaker. 



Yellow poplar. 



Cider Mills. 



Yellow poplar. 



Clay Working Machinery. 

 Hemlock. 



Cranes. 



Yellow poplar. 



Coal Mining Machinery. 

 White oak. 

 Hickory. 

 White ash. 

 Shortleaf pine. 

 Maple. 

 Birch. 

 Basswood. 

 Yellow poplar. 

 Chestnut. 

 Hemlock. 



Derricks. 



White oak. 

 Cork elm. 

 Sugar maple. 

 Douglas fir. 



Elevators. 

 Red oak. 

 Chestnut. 

 Longleaf pine. 



Yellow poplar, (feed mills), 



Basswood. 



White oak. 



Engine and Machinery Skids. 

 Beech. 



Sugar maple. 



Hemlock. 



Hickory. 



Flour and Feed Mill Machinery. 

 Red oak. 

 Yellow poplar. 

 Longleaf pine. 

 Sugar maple. 

 Hickory. 

 Chestnut. 

 White ash. 

 White pine. 



General Mill Machinery. 

 White pine. 

 Longleaf pine. 

 Sugar maple. 

 White oak. 

 Cypress. 



