696 
APPENDIX B. 
p. 50. ) l 2 SAeivAhana is generally pronounced Saw an and Salban in the west, and Niebuhr calls 
him Shah-Lew an. 
The Manicheans were Christians; and when Father Monserrat was at DUli, at the 
court of Acbar, he was informed, that near that metropolis, and to the S.-W. of it, and of 
course at Toglockabad , near the palace of Pithaura, the usual residence of the ancient kings of 
that city, there were certain tombs, which were asserted to be those of some ancient princes of 
DUli, who were Christians, and lived a little before the invasion of the Musulmans. 4 If these 
tombs really [ 213 ] existed, they did not belong to the Hindus, who never erect any; they could 
hardly belong to the Musulmans, for it is scarcely possible that they should be mistaken by 
Musulmans; since the tombs of those among them, who fell in battle, or otherwise died, in the 
beginning of their invasions, are looked upon as places of worship; and those entombed there 
are considered, either as martyrs, or saints. In speaking of the tombs, and other monuments or 
events in India, Father Monserrat says, with much candour, ‘ I was told so in that country,’ 
or ‘I was assured of it by respectable persons; but whether it be so or not, I cannot further 
say.’ He explains himself in these terms, with regard to thirteen figures, in basso relievo, upon 
the rocks of Gwalior, which he visited in his way from Surat to DUli, and which were supposed, 
by Christians in India, to represent our Saviour and his twelve disciples; one figure in the 
middle being a little higher than the rest. Monserrat says, that they were so much defaced, 
that no inference could be drawn from them, except their being thirteen in number (p. 164). 3 
The foregoing particulars, concerning the Bhats , SAeivAhana and his three sons, I obtained 
from an intelligent native, whom I sent to survey the countries to the N.-W. of DUli. He was 
employed, on that service, from the year 1786 till 1796; and, in the year 1787, he was in the 
country of the Bhats. His instructions were, to inquire particularly into the geographical state 
of these countries ; and , whenever he could find an opportunity to make inquiries also into their 
history and antiquities. At that time I knew very little about SAeivAhana. and was still less 
interested in his history ; and of course that ancient prince was not mentioned to him ; and the 
knowledge which he obtained, concerning him, among the Bhats, was merely accidental, and by 
no means in consequence of any previous directions from med 
[ 214 ]. The Heresy of the Manicheans spread all over the western parts of India, and into 
Ceylon, at a very early period, in consequence of violent persecutions in Persia, during which the 
followers of Manes fled, in great numbers, and at different times, into India: and it is even 
highly probable, that Manes remained a long time concealed in that country, in the fort of 
Arabion, on the eastern banks of the river Strangha, now called Chitrang and Caggar. The 
Mesopotamia here mentioned by Arcitelaus the Bishop, is the five Antarvedis, or Mesopotamias 
of the Panjab, commonly called the five Bheds or Bhedies ; and Strabo, speaking of the Bhed, 
or Antarvedi, between the Chinab and the Jellam, says, “ in this Mesopotamia ,” and here the pro- 
noun this has an obvious reference to the several Bheds or Mesopotamias of the Panjab. This 
river Strangha is called Saranges by Arrian; and the Chitrangh, flowing from the northern 
1 For Monserrate’s theory that there were Christian kings at Delhi in Timur’s time, cf. Mong. Legat. Comm., foil. 
12 cjb. 5-130®. 1. 2. 3. 
2 Cf. Mong. Legat. Comm., foil. 230.1, 56a. 2, where these tombs are not, however, alluded to. Still, I do not 
doubt, that Monserrate mentioned them in the MS. which was in Wilford’s possession. Monserrate does not say in our 
MS. that Delhi was Akbar’s court, nor does he state that Akbar resided at Delhi. The information he received must 
have been obtained while he passed through Delhi on his way to and from Afghanistan. 
Cf. Mon Legat. Comm., fol 176. The pagination in Wilford’s MS. (p. 164) does not agree with that in ours. 
* It is important to note that Wilford had learned prudence and circumspection after he had found out how some 
Brahman Pandits had shamelessly deceived him in other points of research. Cf. As. Res., VIII, 247 sqq. 
