76 



The Naturalist. 



specimens exhibited, collected by 

 Messrs. Robinson, Sykes and Shaw, 

 being one of the best collections 

 which has been seen for some time 

 in the month of October. Amongst 

 them may be mentioned Aspidium 

 cristatum (Slaitliwaite), and Vac- 

 cinium Oxycoccos in fruit, having 

 been collected— the former on the 

 boundary of Marsden moors, the 

 latter on a marshy piece of ground 

 in Slaithwaite, by J. Shaw. The 

 specimens (upwards of 100) were 

 named by E. Taylor; and after- 

 wards Mr. T. Bartlam gave a very 

 interesting lecture on ''Structural 

 Botany." — J. Shaw, Sec. 



The Leeds Naturalists' Field 

 Clujb and Scientific Association. 

 192nd Meeting, Oct. 27th, 1875. 

 — Mr. W. Denison Roebuck, sec- 

 retary, in the chair. — Mr. Charles 

 Smethurst exhibited a pair (male 

 and female) of Sphinx Convolvuli, 

 both taken near Leeds. The male 

 he took settled on a gate-post at 

 Upper Wortley, on the 24th Sept. ; 

 the female was brought to him 

 from Beeston, taken on the 25th. 

 He also showed Hydrcecia micacea 

 and Nonagria fidva, taken in Bur- 

 ley Road, near Leeds, opposite 

 Buriey Church ; the latter he had 

 not before seen so near the centre 

 of the town, though he takes it on 

 Black Moor, near Adel ; Celcena 

 Haworthii, taken Aug. 16th, on 

 Hebden Moor, Upper Wharfedale ; 

 Cucullia scToylmlaricE, two speci- 

 mens, bred from larvae brought by 

 Mr. S. Scholefield last year, from 

 South Cave, near Market Weighton; 

 it occurs also at Bishopwood ; and 

 Smerinthus tilcti, bred from pupae 



from the south of England. On 

 behalf of Mr. John W. Taylor were 

 shown three species of Achatinella, 

 a genus of mollusca which is 

 mainly characterised by the spiral 

 twist of the columella, and is 

 curiously confined in its geographi- 

 cal range to the Sandwich Islands. 

 The species partake of the same 

 local character, being confined not 

 only to particular islands, but to 

 particular portions of them, the 

 limits of range of each species 

 seldom averaging more than five 

 miles. Achatinella (Bulimella) ro- 

 sea typifies the ellipsoidal arboreal 

 species which characterise Oahu ; 

 while the conical form shown by 

 A. (Helicterella) apicata is found 

 mainly on the island of Kanai. The 

 t}7pical genus may also be con- 

 sidered as belonging to Oahu, A. 

 producta being the largest of the 

 genus. Numerous specimens of 

 insects, arachnida, centipedes, and 

 plants, were shown by the chair- 

 man, Mr. S. Scholefield, Mr. F. 

 Emsley, and Mr. J ames Abbott. 



193rd Meeth^g, Nov. 3rd, 1875. 

 — Mr. John Grassliam, and after- 

 wards Mr. James Abbott, vice- 

 president, in the chair. Mr. James 

 W. Westmoreland, A.R.S.M., of 

 the Bowling Iron Works, read an 

 exhaustive paper on " The Manu- 

 facture of Steel," describing the 

 various processes in use, and also 

 giving the chemical analyses of the 

 various products. In illustration, 

 he showed some excellent diagrams 

 and numerous examples. 



194th Meeting, November 10th, 

 1875.— Mr. Jas. Abbott, Y.P., in 

 the chair, and afterwards Mr. J ohn 



