18 



The Naturalist. 



is also a form which comes somewhat between these two dis- 

 tinct varieties, though more nearly resembling Var. I. ; it differs 

 from it, however, in having the head and all the tubercles bright 

 orange. It feeds on dewberry, but when full-grown leaves the food- 

 plant and ascends a culm of dried grass or a withered twig, where it 

 spins its cocoon. This is composed of small portions of the outer 

 covering of the grass or twig woven together, and shapvid somewhat 

 like the cocoon of a Zycjcena^ but of course smaller and narrower, and 

 being covered with a coating of the material on which it is spun, is 

 much less noticeable, and would doubtless be very difficult to find in 

 its natural habitat. The pupa is. about half-an-inch in length, 

 cylindrical and of nearly uniform width throughout, tapering a little 

 towards the anal extremity ; head bluntly rounded, the eye and 

 antennse-cases prominent. The colour of the dorsal surface is deep 

 reddish-brown, becoming gradually darker towards the head, which 

 is nearly black ; segmental divisions rather paler than the ground 

 colour ; ventral surface paler brown ; the eye cases black, the 

 antennas-cases margined all round with black. The first imago 

 emerged on July 5th. 



ELEVEN DAYS IN CUMBERLAND. 



By James Vaeley. 



May 27th, I left home for the purpose of having a week's collecting 

 in Cumberland, with my friend Mr. Parkin, who lives at Brampton, 

 in that county. I started from Huddersfield at 8.40 a.m. and went 

 by way of Halifax and through the beautiful valley of Hipperholme 

 and Lightcliffe to Bradford, then made my way to the Midland 

 Station, and left Bradford for Carlisle at 10-35. There is some 

 beautiful scenery between Bradford and Skipton, and from there to 

 Settle it is magnificent. In the limestone districts the railway banks 

 are covered with cowslips and many other wild plants. 



I then went on the new route from Settle to Carlisle, which is 

 really magnificent in scenery ; it passes through deep valleys with 

 towering hills on each side, and many of the cuttings show the 

 different strata of lime, shale, and other rocks. In some places the 

 upheavals and throws are wonderful. When we come to Crosby 

 Garrett, the red sandstone begins to show in places, and it extends 

 as far as I have gone into Cumberland. 



