10 



TOPOGRAPHY OF THE 



Old Alluvium ? perhaps much more than „ _ _ _ _ 

 Older rocks, with more or less steep dips : 



Miocene ? Greenish gre}^ sand rock, shales and pebble rock and red 



- 150 feet. 



and green clays (Sivalik ? Aluggud and table land north 

 of Salt Range) ; by some called 10,000 feet, perhaps not 

 more than - 



3,000 



Eocene. Gunda rocks ; light brown and red sand rocks and shales 

 with some grey lime rock and shales (south of Choor Hills) 

 with oil, --------- 850 " 



J^ummulitic lime rock (Jaba and Salt Range generally) with oil. 1,100 



Mesozoic. Green sand rocks and shales, cherry lime rocks, and iron 



stained sand rocks with bituminous shales ; perhaps - 700 " 



Carboniferous. Lime rock, grey sand rock and shales, calcareous 



sand rock and shales, about ------ 1,800 " 



13evonian. Red variegated grits and clays with copper ; greenish 



The three lower formations are in this region found only in the southern part of 

 the Salt Range and about Kafir Ivot ; and this account of them is gathered from the 

 older Avriters. But their statements disagree very much ; and the age of different 

 beds often seems to have been determined from quite a small number of their fossils. 

 Mr. Wynne's study of these formations has no doubt added much to what was learned 

 about them nearly twenty years ago, and his i-eport will perhaps change some of the 

 estimates of thickness or of age. There would seem to be a good deal of variation 

 in the beds from place to place within short distances. 



The following useful minerals are found in the region in greater or less quantity : 

 — (1) oil, (2) salt, (3) plaster, (4) sulphur, (5) alum, (6) saltpetre, (7) coal, (8) gold; 

 and in minute quantity ores of (9) copper, (10) iron, (11) lead. 



1. Oil. — The oil has been bored upon at Gunda, and at first fifty gallons of it a 

 day were pumped from the well ; but the yield of course, grew quickly less (like the 

 ordinates of a parabola), and after the whole amount had reached two thousand gal- 

 lons (about five months) the daily yield was less than ten gallons. In the region, oil 

 flows also at five other places from natural springs, from a gill to three quarts a day. 



sand rocks and shales with grey dilomitic sand-rock ; red 

 sand and pebble rock ; and red marl with rock salt and 

 plaster, say --------- 



- 2,850 



10,450 feet. 



Y. USEFUL MHSTERALS. 



