TRANSACTIONS 



OP THE 



AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 



ARTICLE 1. 

 TOPOGEAPHY OF THE PUNJAB OIL REGION 



BY BENJAMIN SMITH LYBIAN. 

 Read .laiuiary 19, 1872. 



I. 



II. 



III. 



Situation. 



General Lay of the Land. 

 Special Features. 



General Height. 

 Character of the Hills. 



a. Square edged. 



b. Sharp edged. 



c. Blunt-edged 

 Change of Sha-iie with time. 

 Mode of cutting. 



a. Rain. 



b. Rivers. 



c. Sea. 



d. Frost, e. Ice. 



IV. RoL-k Groups. 

 V. Useful Minerals. 



1. Oil. 



2. Salt. 



3. Plaster. 



4. Sulphur. 



5. Alrxm. 



6. Saltpetre. 



7. Coal. 



8. Gold. 



0. Copper. 



10. Iron. 



11. Lead. 

 VI. Map. 



I. SITUATION. 



The Punjab oil region is in the corner between Cashmere and Calral, and lies 

 wholly between north latitude 32° 31', and 33° 47', and east longitude (fi'oni Green- 

 wich) 71° 18 , a.nd 73° 5' ; a nearly square space about a hundred miles long east 

 and west by ninety miles wide, north and south. 



Just inside the northeast corner of this square is Rawul Pindee, the largest town 

 of the region, with about twenty thousand inhabitants ; just inside the southeast 

 corner is Pind Dadun Khan, a town of about twelve thousand inhabitants ; and just 

 inside the southwest corner is the ancient uninhabited ruin of a walled town, now 

 called Kafir Kot. Just within the northwest edge of the region, and less than 

 tAventy miles from its eastern edge, stands the little village of Shah kee Dheree, on 

 the site of the ancient capital Taxila, where the king Taxiles hospitably entertained 



TRANS, A. M. PHIL. SOC. VOL. XV. A. 



