nsr SOUTII-EASTEEN PENNSYLVAOTA. 



357 



CHAPTER IV. 



BOKBRS. PL. 4. 



Some of the specimens here figured as borers (as Fig. 1-9) may be regarded as 

 equally representative of primitive arrow points, before these took regular forms.* 

 (Compare C. C. Jones, PI. 9, Figs. 31, 32.) 



Of the borers represented, Figures 1-5, 12-15, 20,24-26, are of white quartz (12, 

 14, 20, are marked with the black mold); G, 11, 17, 18, 19, 21, 32, are quartzite of the 

 locality, some of each material being mere spalls, but the points of 11, 14, 17, 18, 21, 

 show marks of sharpening or use. Compare Reliquige Aquitanica?, of Lartet and 

 Christy, Figs. 23, 52, 55, 5G, and A PI. II. 1875. 



Fig. 7, yellow jasper ; 8, black chert ; 9 pale argillaceous chert. 



Fig. 10, indurite, with the surface soft from decay : probably from the lower or 

 yellow clay stratum. 



Fig. 16, a spall of red sandstone, but with an artificial notch on the right side. 



Forms like Figs. 11, 12, 31, 32 (without a broad base), were probably provided 

 with a handle of bone or wood. (Compare Sven l^ilsson. Habitants primitifs de la 

 Scahdinavie, PI. 2, Fig. 25.) Akin to these are the neatly chipped specimens. Figs. 

 22, 23, 27, of which Fig. 22 represents a common form, inasmuch as it is a fi-agment 

 without a base — a part inferrible from that of Fig. 23, which has a sharp chisel- 

 shaped edge — or from Fig. 30, which has an edge dulled by decay, and basal projec- 

 tions. A second specimen like Fig. 23 was found. 



In Figures 13^ 14, 15, 17, 19, the base has been left more or less wide for easy 

 manipulation. 



In Figs. 18 and 21, a short point is suddenly contracted from a wide base, left in 

 its rough condition as a handle. (Compare Evans, Stone Implements, Figs. 227, 229 ; 

 Jones, PI. 16, Fig. 5.) 



The white quartz specimens, Figs. 20, 24, 25, 26, and the slaty examples, Figs. 

 30, 33, 34, have the base more or less widened on one or both sides, as if to form a 

 handle. (Compare C. C. Abbott, Smithson. Report for 1875, Figs. 142, 143, 149- 

 153; and Evans, Stone Implements, Fig. 230.) 



Fig. 28, has two lateral and tapering projections near the base, perhaps intended 

 for additional borers. (Compare Jones, PI. 9, Figs. 11, 12; and PI. 16, Fig. 4.) 



upright poles sunk in tlie ground, and having a cross-pole above. The Rev John Campbell (Travels in South Africa, 

 2, 72), saw natives making various kinds of skin thin for cloaks, by scraping them with a small iron adze. Heckewelder 

 (Indian Nations, 1876, p. 202\ says hair was removed with the ribs of deer, &c. "Even now, they say that they can 

 clean a skin as well with a well prepared rib-bone as with a knife." 



*SoTne of these could be used in tattooing, for which, according to Heckewelder (p. 20G), "sharp flint stones" 

 or "sharp teetli of a fish" (perhaps llie pike or the lucioperca) were used. 



