DSr SOUTH-EASTERlSr PENNSYLVANIA. 



365 



Fig. 3, of black slate : a doubly countersunk perforation from face to face (as in 

 'No. 1), throuo-ti the thickest part of the fragment. These perforations are rather 

 common, and seem adapted for dressing bow-strings. 



Fig. 4, of black slate : the medial part is flat and angular on the side figured, and 

 curved on the other : the margin of the right wing has one notch above and two be- 

 low, the left wing three above — probably mnemonic. The half of a nearly similar 

 specimen was present. 



These implements usually occur broken at the eye, where the material is thin. 

 The breakage may be due to a tightly fitting handle, to wedging a loose one, to its 

 expansion from moisture, or to the fact that in some cases the perforation was made 

 after the completion of the exterior. 



II. PIPES. PL. 12, PIGS. 5-6. 



Fig. 5, represents a taper steatite pipe, flat below and convex above : bore mostly 

 uniform, but funnel-shaped at the larger extremity, and about as wide as the dimen- 

 sions admit: a V-shaped excision at the larger end of the flat surface, and a fragment 

 broken from the end of the convex surface. Resembles a modern cigar-holder, and is 

 judged to be a smoking pipe, of which the figure probably represents about the 

 original size. 



Fig. 6, part of a pipestem of clay, slightly burnt : from the upper part of the 

 black mold. 



III. CORKS AND CHIPS. PL. 12, PIG. 7. 



Fig. 7, represents a gray indurite, of which the fresh fracture is black, an object 

 which may be termed a core, as it shows that several flakes or chips have been re- 

 moved from it of the kind which furnish cutting edges. 



As part of the business of the Retreat was making stone implements, par- 

 ticularly arrow-heads, an abundance of chips and spalls occurred, many of foreign 

 material, and with delicate points and edges indicative of manufacture on the spot, 

 and subsequent repose. 



IV. PEBBLES. PL. 12. PIG. 8. 



In Chapter V, allusion is made to trying the texture of pebbles selected for 

 making arrow-heads, by striking ofl" a chip, and such a one is represented in Fig. 8. 

 The chips varied in size from one-fourth of an inch to half the pebble, and sometimes 

 the marks of two or three appear: in most cases the line of fracture is sharp, but in a 

 few the sharpness has disappeared. The size of the pebbles is from about 1| to 2 or 2| 

 inches; the form ajjproaches to oval or spheric, but is sometimes round and flat, 

 adapted for throwing, and perhaps collected (together with the smaller hammer- 



