MosLEY : Persistent Variation among Butterflies. 



7 



from Hungary. This is larger than the type, lighter, and the colours 

 more blended — in fact, it is in all respects quite the opposite extreme 

 to the var. Merope. 



In the Vanessidce there is a very marked form found in Corsica and 

 Sardinia, which is generally said to be a variety of urticce^^ but which 

 might prove distinct. Mr. Frederick Bond, F.Z.S., tells me he 

 thinks there is some difference in the larvae. It is called Ichnusa^ 

 Bon., and I think has as much claim to be considered distinct from 

 uriiccB as Eospiton has to be considered distinct from Machaon. The 

 general tone of the insect is more orange, and it is without the two 

 isolated dark spots on the upper wings usually found in urticcd. 

 There is an intermediate form between the two found in Turkey, 

 called Turcica^ Htgr. The var. polaris, Stgr., is dark, and has the 

 spots large and confluent. V. lo var. leides, Och,, differs from the 

 type only in being much smaller, and may be reared artificially. Of 

 F. Antiopa there are two well-known forms — the white and the yellow- 

 bordered ones — the latter being the type, and the former the var. 

 Hygicea, Hrdch., I believe. 



Of Liminitis Sibylla there is a dark form which has occurred in the 

 New Forest. Sometimes the usual white band is entirely obliterated. 



Arge Galathea is subject to several freaks, the most distinguishable 

 being Icucomelas, Esp. The difference is on the under side of the 

 hind wings, which are devoid of the usual dark markings. I am not 

 aware that it has been taken in England. 



Next comes our Erehia Cassiope, which is but a variety of the type 

 Epiphron, Kn. The latter has white pupils in the centre of the 

 black dots, while those of the former are entirely black. In Scotland 

 the females have white pupils. The range of the var. Cassiope is more 

 extensive in Europe than that of the type Epiphron. Blandina has 

 a variety of the female, which has the under side of the hind wings 

 banded with ashy-grey or bluish, but it is not distinguished by any 

 name from the type. 



Of the genus Satyrus I know little. Janira, var. Mispulla^ Hub., 

 is a modification of the female, with the apical yellow markings 

 large and distinct, and the black eyes with two white dots. Semele^ 

 var. tariscBUS, Bon., is a rich fulvous form of that insect. Our 

 S. j^geria is the var. JEgerides of Staudinger, the type being found in 

 southern Europe, and differing from ours in having the pale markings 



* I think this insect gets darker further north. Ichnusa as a southern form has 

 less dark markings — Polaris, which I do not know, has more than the type. — J. E. R. 



