YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS' UNION. 



17 



was due to a little glacier (the side-feeder of a larger one probably) 

 coming down from Crummach towards Austwick and grinding 

 out a hollow in its course is most likely, though it is possible that 

 a damming of the dale below the lake by glacial detritus may have 

 had something to do with it. Other observers, with more time than 

 we had, will easily decide the point. Among other things their 

 attention should be directed to a thin layer of peaty vegetable 

 matter which divides the white marl, and seems to show that for 

 a period the old lake was dried up. On a small scale the 

 circumstances of many of the miocene lignites of central Europe are 

 here reproduced, though of course, there is no correspondence in 

 age nor in the climatal conditions under which the deposits were 

 formed. The Crummach lake is Post-glacial undoubtedly. 



THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS' UNION 

 AT HAWES. 



The third meeting of the season of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union, held on the 

 28th of June, was devoted to Upper Wensleydale, from Hawes as a centre. Mr. 

 ¥. Arnold Lees, of that place, who acted as local secretary, had prepared an 

 attractive programme, and the elements were propitious. The weather was 

 very fine, sunny, and hot, so that the work on the various routes was cut down 

 by the omission of such portions of the routes as involved unnecessary 

 expenditure of muscular force. Mr. Lees led a party of botanists who 

 took train to Askrigg Station, and from thence worked Bainbridge Gill and Lake 

 Semerwater; while another party of botanists walked from Hawes through Gayle, 

 and over Counterside to Semerwater, a round of eight miles. Mr. William Horne, 

 of Leyburn, led a party to Mill Gill and Whitfield Gill Forces and the adjoining 

 woods, working up stream and then crossing country to Askrigg Station, returning, 

 in company with the previously-mentioned parties, to Hawes by 5.23 train. Other 

 members, conducted by Mr. William Whitwell, of Skipton, and the Rev. G. P. 

 Harris, M.A., vicar of Hawes, investigated Cotterdale, Mossdale, and Appersett ; 

 and yet another body — ornithologically inclined — made the ascent of Great 

 Shunnor Fell. 



Tea having been served at the Crown Inn, Hawes, the meetintis, both sectional 

 and general, were held in the National Schoolroom, the chair of the latter being 

 occupied by Mr. Washington Teasdale, F.R.M.S., of Leeds, in the absence of all 

 the vice-presidents. There were about fifty members present, representing 

 fifteen of the forty societies which the Union includes — viz., Heckmondwike, 

 Liversedge, Bradford (3 societies), Leeds (3), Goole, York, Selby, Dewsbury, 

 Keighley, Ripon, and Scarborough. The Hull Great Thornton Street Wesleyan 

 Field Naturalists' Society, with thirty members, was admitted into the Union, and 

 the following new members were elected: — Messrs, R. B. Mackie, M.P., Wake- 

 field ; Percy Lund, Ilkley ; C. S. Irvine, Leeds; James Booth, F.G.S., Ovenden 

 Grange ; John Clayton, Bradford ; A. R. Waller, York ; Rev. T. Milville 

 Raven, M.A., F.R.S.E., Vicar of Crakehall ; Rev. R. V. Taylor, B.A., Vicar of 

 Melbecks, near Richmond ; John Henry Metcalfe, Leyburn ; E. D. Swarbreck, 

 Bedale ; Seth Ward, Dewsbury ; Rev. G. P. Harris, M.A., Vicar of Hawes; and 

 William Horne, Leyburn. After the thanks of the meeting had been voted to 

 Mr. F. Arnold Lees for his efficient services as local secretary, to the Rev. G. P. 

 Harris for the use of the schoolroom, and to these two gentlemen and Messrs. 



Aug. 1884. 



