Notes of British Association Papers. 



47 



Other races, as the species of Psychida and Coloephora whose distribu- 

 tion is equally ^reat, are in their economy scarcely indeed less curious, 

 and the worm-like females of the first, sitting on their caddis cases 

 composed of straws, bring us very low down indeed in the scale of 

 insect organization and adaptation. 



Binfield House, 

 Guildford. 



NOTES OF LOCAL PAPERS READ AT BRITISH 

 ASSOCIATION AT YORK, IN 1881. 



SECTION a— GEOLOGY. 



GLACIAL SECTIONS AT YORK. 

 Mr. J. Edmund Clark, B.A., F.GS., read a paper on " The 

 Glacial Sections at York, and their relation to the later deposits." 

 The York area, he said, chiefly consists of glacial beds, which form the 

 high ground and various extensive low tracts more or less remote from 

 the Ouse. Glacial depressions have been filled up with brick-earths, 

 and, in exceptional cases, peat-beds. Where the river channel is 

 narrowed below the city, the crests of the banks are capped with 

 gravels. Campleshon pond and part of St. Paul's Square are peat- 

 beds where depressions were elevated above the levels covered with 

 brick-earth. The same explanation may apply to the peat at Messrs. 

 Backhouse's nurseries. But Askham Bog, 1-^ miles long by half-a- 

 mile broad, at the far end of the Hob Moor deposits, seems to be over 

 a depression so deep and remote that the clay deposits only partly 

 fiUed it. On both sides of the river, 25 feet down at one point in 

 FuKord, a black band of manganese has been found, yielding on 

 analysis 60 per cent, of manganese dioxide. This looks like soot, 

 encrusting usually the upper half of a layer of dry stones, one foot 

 thick. The rest and adjacent beds are brown with the sesquioxide, 

 whilst ferrous oxide comes just below. At the gravel pits now being 

 worked on the Bishopthorpe-road a metatarsal of Ursus spelcBus (or TJ. 

 arctos) was found this spring. There seems to be no previous record 

 of any carnivorous remains from this neighbourhood. The deepest 

 glacial sections were some made in drainage work at the Friend's 

 Retreat, in 1876, a drift, 650 feet long, cutting through the hill from 

 N.W. by W. to S.E. by E. At the highest point this was 47 feet 

 below the surface. Shafts were sunk every 50 feet. Nothing but 



