Notes of British Association Papers. 



51 



DISCOVERIES OF BEONZE IMPLEMENTS AT LEEDS. 



Mr. John Holmes read a paper on certain discoveries of bronze 

 implements in and about Leeds, in which he gave the characteristics 

 of the forms and probable uses of the several implements, and by- 

 comparison with others, drawing the inference that there must have 

 been living in the neighbourhood of Leeds bronze- using people. The 

 use and intention of these several bronze implements was obviously 

 twofold, viz., weapons for offence, and tools for manufacturing purposes. 

 He thought they might humbly, but truly, assume that at a time 

 remote from the present, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and within 

 a circle of twenty miles south and east of Leeds, there dwelt a con- 

 siderable number of bronze-using people, who probably lived in clans 

 or tribes, and who had considerable skill in casting. 



ENTEENCHMENTS OF THE YORKSHIRE WOLDS. 



General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S., read a paper on " The Entrench- 

 ments of the Yorkshire Wolds, and the Excavations in the Earthwork 

 called Danes' Dyke at Flamborough." The district consists of four 

 patches of high ground separated from each other, and bounded by five 

 principal valleys. Assuming most of the low ground to have been 

 occupied in pre-liistoric times by marsh and jungle, there would 

 remain only the plateau lands on the hills for the inhabitants to live 

 upon, and here, as might be expected, they find the ground covered 

 with their remains. Flamborough Head and promonotory must of 

 course have formed the base of operations for warlike purposes in any 

 case, whether of an invading or retreating force. In the former case 

 it would be the first, and in the latter the last, point occupied by any 

 people at war with the inhabitants of the interior. The high cliffs 

 precluding all possibility of an attack by the sea, and leaving only the 

 land side to be attended to, they would naturally expect to find an 

 entrenchment facing westward, and occupying the first suitable position 

 westward. Such an entrenchment they found in what was commonly 

 known as Danes' Dyke, a misnomer, as he would show. The Dyke 

 runs north and south a distance of two miles and a half from sea cliff 

 to sea cliff', and at a distance of three miles from the centre of it to 

 the point of the promontory. It has a ditch on the west or inland 

 side, showing that the enemy was expected from that quarter. It is 

 judiciously chosen, and on the whole commands an extensive view of 

 the country for some distance to the westward. There are twelve gaps 

 through it, some of which are no doubt modern. A small stream 

 coming from the north runs through the entrenchment, affording a 



