LiMPEiCHT : Systematic Arrangement of Bog Mosses. 131 



in S. subsecundum. TJiey appear in very damp localities, often swimming, 

 mostly in single stems, intertwined, rarely in proper patches. In the 

 latter case, they have frequently been described as varieties — a few 

 even as distinct species, viz. : — Sphagnum liypnoides, Al. Br. Flora," 

 1825, no. 40 (by C. Muller, (1849); "Synopsis," p. 98, declared 

 to be the young plant of aS. laxifolium) ; S. skJ) secundum, y turgidum, 

 CM; " Syn." p. 101 ; *S'. subsecundum, var. y simplicissimnm, Milde 

 Bryol. sil." p. 303 ; palustre, b. compactum, /3 bryoides^ Sendt., 

 in the herbarium of the Silesian Society ; S. obtusifolium, var. turgi- 

 dum, Wils ; S. cymbifalium, var. turgidum^ Hook. ; S. subsecundum, 

 var. 2 la7-ici?ium, a, cgclop/iyllum, Warnst. I.e. p. 88 ; {S. cyclo. 

 phyllum, " Sulliv. et Lesq., Musci and Hepat." p. 611, which the 

 authors themselves hold to be an imperfect state of a yet unknown 

 species. Sullivant's specimens from New Jersey confirm this view ; 

 they possess the familiar single-layered stem bark, but belong to 

 no European species). -S". laricinum var. sub-simplex, Lindb., and ^S". 

 tenellum, var. longifolium, Lindb. Moreover I know these stem- 

 formations also in ^\ rigldum, Lindbergii, and molluscoides, Mull., 

 and have noticed that their cortical layer always consists of one 

 layer, and that their stem-leaves resemble those of the branches. 



During the summer I have had frequent opportunities of confirming 

 these observatians with ..V. rigidum submersum, from the swampy places 

 of the Weissen Wiese, in the Kiesengebirge. 



That these conditions of developement, according to Warnstorf, I.e. 

 p. 89, also occur fertile under certain conditions, does not appear to 

 me to be strange, after what Schimper says in his " Monograph," 

 p. 15, referring to the disposition of the first flowers. 



In 6^. subsecundum, /3. isophyllum forma, 1, Russow, " Beitrage," p. 

 74, there are on the same plant three different kinds of stem-leaves, 

 also in the robust form of 6'. cywbifolium with furcate stems, I have 

 found a similar feature in these organs. Here appear two kinds of 

 stem-leaves upon the same plant, viz., on the chief axis, smaller, almost 

 rectangular stem leaves, without spiral fibres and pores ; whilst 

 on the furcate branches appear stem-leaves twice as large, which 

 are freely supplied with spiral threads and pores. And I doubt 

 not but that other analogous forms can be shown, 



Sphagnum siibsecundum, N. ab E. (1819) in Sturm. Deutschl. Fl." 

 Heft, 17 — (Schimper and others always cite erroneously the editor of 

 the " Byrol. Germ., 1823, as author), comprised originally only the 

 form a. hetei'ophyllum , Russow ; for in the " Byrol. Germ." next to it 

 • is S. contortum, Schultz., also published 1819, described here as a 



