282 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS AT SEDBERGH. 



With regard to Lichens, it is. hoped that it may be possible to 

 pubhsh a complete enumeration of those found, in a separate article 

 (see p. 285 of this number), but this may be said here : at least ten 

 species entirely new to the West Riding flora were discriminated by 

 Mr. Martindale, and several others noted which are new to the Lune 

 river-basin ; among these are Collemodiwn plicatile Ach., Parmelia 

 sub-aiirifera Nyl.,. Lecanora dicksofiii Ach., and Perhisaria lactea NyL 

 A difficulty in stating precisely which are new altogether, and which 

 only new to the district, arises from the names of Leighton's Lichen- 

 Flora not being adopted by Nylander, Martindale, and later observers. 

 Lichenology is at present in a peculiarly progressive stage, subversive 

 of old and long-accepted ideas in many instances. Two striking 

 examples may be cited t?i passant — it is now denied that the true 

 ' Reindeer Moss ' {Cladi?ia rangiferina) is a native of England at all, 

 what has been so called being said to be a form of Cladina sylvatica ; 

 and the common yellow lichen of limestone rocks passing under the 

 name of ' Placodium murorum^' as also the corticolous ' Parmelia 

 olivacea' of the same descriptive manual, are both declared to be 

 very rare if not quite absent in England ! what we have been styling 

 by those names being made up of Lecanora tegidare.^ L. syi7ipagea, 

 etc., and PariJielia fuliginosa, sorediaia, exasperata, and sub-aurifera 

 respectively. Until order is evolved out of this chaos by some master- 

 pen, local lichen-lists must inevitably lack pretension to finality. 



A considerable number of Algae, Diatoms, etc., were collected by 

 Mr. West, home-examination of which has revealed the fact that two 

 or three of the number — out of a total of over 25 — are quite new to 

 the West Riding list, voluminous (about 370 species) as it already is ; 

 the more noteworthy of these gatherings being CEdogonium princeps, 

 Chlorococcum frustulosum^ Hormiscia bicolor, Cei'atoneis arcus^ Mceso- 

 tenium chlamydosporum, and Pncyone??ia ccespitosum. 



Mr. S. A. Adamson, F.G.S., Leeds, as secretary of the Geological 

 Section reported that a point of especial value in this excursion was 

 the opportunity of personally examining and studying the oldest 

 stratified rocks in the geological record which the county possesses, 

 the Lower Silurian. The journey from Leeds to Sedbergh, in the 

 early, fresh summer's morning, was full of interest to the geological 

 eye, the many familiar spots in Craven looking brighter than ever. 

 From Ingleton to Sedbergh the scenery presented a striking contrast, 

 on one side the charming, well-cultivated valley of the Lune, on the 

 other the stern and lofty Fells. The remarkable geological pheno- 

 mena of this immediate district have to do with this contrast in the 

 scenery. From Ingleton the railway passes over Permian strata, 

 Coal Measures, Millstone Grit, Yoredale Rocks, Mountain Limestonej- 

 and Basement Conglomerate ; but these are suddenly cut off on the 



Naturalist, 



