Graves: Diseases of Trees in New York 123 



tinues as follows: The first four days of the year showed mini- 

 mum temperatures of — 5°, +2°, 0°, and — 3° respectively, and 

 on January 12 the temperature was 50°. Worst of all, on the 

 latter day, the velocity of the wind was greater here than in any 

 other place in the country, the record showing maximum velocity 

 of 84 miles an hour, from the southeast. The following of such 

 extreme cold by a warm wind of this great velocity apparently 

 played havoc with many valuable plants in the Garden. With 

 the ground frozen to depths unknown before, as there was prac- 

 tically no snow covering during the coldest days, the root activity 

 of most plants would be stopped, while the warm wind on the 

 twelfth, when the maximum temperature for January was re- 

 corded, would dry out many evergreens, even if they had with- 

 stood the cold of a few days before. Because of this combination 

 of cold temperatures followed by warm wind, it is perhaps im- 

 possible to ascribe all our losses to cold alone. Certainly one or 

 the other, or most probably their combination, has had disas- 

 trous results. . . ." 



Taylor found that in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden 28 kinds of 

 plants were killed outright, 20 killed to the ground, 70 severely 

 winter-killed, and 28 slightly winter-killed. 



In Central Park, the writer saw hundreds of trees which had 

 suffered severely from these conditions, some killed outright, 

 and most of them damaged beyond possible recovery. Promi- 

 nent among the victims were large numbers of handsome beeches, 

 sycamore maples, silver, red and Norway maples, cut-leaved 

 birches, white mulberry, sassafras, black cherry, American elm, 

 basswood, Turkey and pin oaks, and many others. Along the 

 walk south of the reservoir, which was exposed to the full force 

 of a north wind across the water, nearly every tree was dead or 

 dying. Horsechestnuts and oriental planes seemed to stand the 

 test as well as any species. 



The following points should dispel any doubt that the winter 

 was responsible for these conditions : 



1. A large variety of species was affected. 



2. The worst destruction appeared in exposed localities. 



3. The symptoms were characteristic of winter injury ; i. e., 



