Seaver: The Hypocreales of North America 185 



springing at first from the base of the stroma which at maturity 

 is concealed by the cespitose clusters of perithecia; individual 

 perithecia nearly globose with the ostiolum rather prominent, be- 

 coming slightly collapsed, at first bright, cinnabar-red, becoming 

 darker with age, often brown and occasionally black (when 

 weathered) ; roughened externally with coarse granules 375-400 

 mic. in diameter; asci clavate, 8-spored, 50-90X7-12 mic. ; 

 spores mostly 2-seriate, elliptical, elongated, about 3 times as long 

 as broad with the ends obtuse, i-septate, hyaline, mostly a little 

 curved, 12-20 X 4-6 mic. ; paraphyses very delicate. 



On bark of various kinds of deciduous trees and shrubs; Acer, 

 Amorpha, Ampelopsis, Berberis, Carya, Calycanthus, Celastrus, 

 Cornus, Euonymus, Melia, Morus, Populus, Prunns, Pyrus, 

 Quercus, Rhus, Kibes, Robinia, Rubus, Sambucus, Tilia, Ulmus. 



Type locality: Europe. 



Distribution : Maine to California and from Ontario to S. 

 Carolina, probably common throughout N. America. 



Illustrations : Tode, Fungi Meckl. pi. 9, f. 68; Tulasne, Fung. 

 Carp. 3 : pi. 12; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. Fam. i 1 : /. 239, A-D. ; Winter, 

 Rabenh. Krypt. Fl. i 2 : 87. /. 1-3. 



Exsiccati : Ellis, Fungi Nova Caesareenses, 68; Ellis, N. Am. 

 Fungi, 468; Ellis & Everhart, Fungi Columbiani, 115; Bartholo- 

 mew, Fungi Columbiani, 2334, 2847; Ravenel, Fungi Am. Exsicc. 

 339, 4119. 



Other specimens examined: Types or cotypes of the following 

 synonyms have been examined : Nectria Sambuci Ellis & Everh., 

 Nectria Meliae Earle, Nectria Russellii Berk. & Broome, Nectria 

 offuscata Berk. & Curtis, Nectria nigrescens Cooke, Sphaeria 

 dematiosa Schw., and Sphaeria Celastri Schw. 



This is probably the most common and widely distributed spe- 

 cies of the entire order and since it is very variable has been many 

 times redescribed. 



2. Creonectria verrucosa (Schw.) 

 Sphaeria verrucosa Schw. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 4: 204. 

 1832. 



Nectria verrucosa Sacc. Syll. Fung. 2 : 509. 1883. 



Stroma fleshy, concave or convex, scarcely rising above the 

 surface of the substratum ; perithecia cespitose in clusters 1-2 

 mm. in diameter, erumpent through the outer bark ; individual 



