152 



MEMORIALS OF RAY : 



spoiled the island. This night we lodged at Berwick ; 

 our journey was of about twenty -five miles. The river 

 Tweed is here joined with a stone bridge of fifteen arches. 

 Here hath been a very goodly castle, which is now de- 

 molished. The upper town is encompassed with a wall, 

 which is not very strong ; within this wall is a large void 

 ground or green, whereunto the inhabitants bring their 

 cattle, and let them stay all night, and in the morning 

 drive them out again to pasture. The lower town is very 

 strongly fortified with a broad and deep ditch of water, 

 and against it an impenetrable bulwark or bank of earth, 

 faced with freestone against the ditch. There are also 

 for defence, four tall platforms or forts, besides external 

 fortifications. This tovm is still kept with a strong gar- 

 rison. There is in it a fair church, built by Oliver Pro- 

 tector. Here we saw in the clifi* by the shore, a cave, 

 called the Burgesses' Cave, not worth the remembering, 

 and an hole in a rock, through which a boat may pass at 

 full sea, called the Needle's Eye. 



August the 17th, we travelled to Dunbar, a town 

 noted for the fight between the English and Scots. The 

 Scots, generally, (that is, the poorer sort) wear, the men 

 blue bonnets on their heads, and some russet ; the women 



black, the legs also black. It hath a posticus digitus; the bill is scarce so 

 long as a duck's; the superior mandible is a httle crooked at the end, and 

 overhangs the inferior : but that which is most remarkable is, that on both 

 sides the bill the feathers come down in an acute angle, as far as the middle 

 of the nostril below. Puffinet [Black Guillemot, TJria grille,'] which is as 

 big as a pigeon, hath a small sharp-pointed bill, black in the summer, having 

 only a white spot in each wing, but white in winter, lays two eggs, and 

 builds in an hole under a rock. Amiet [the Kittiwake, Larus trydactylus^ a 

 gull, but small and white, only the tips of the wings black, yellow bill. 

 Cattiwike {Larus trydactylus.'] Mire Crow [Larus ridibundus,'] all white- 

 bodied, only hath a black head, a little bigger than a pigeon. Puets. Pick- 

 mire [another name for the same gull, though here called a tern, Sterna 

 hirundo,'] i.e. a sea swallow, /or^fc^ Tern, a small guU, the least of all, having 

 a forked tail. Sea-piots [Sea-piots, Sea-pies, oyster catchers. H(Ematopus 

 osfralegus,'] i. e. Sea-pies, as far as I could guess. Great quantity of 

 Sea-calves [seals,] taken upon these islands, whereof the farmers make 

 their chief profits, viz. of their oil. Kir-bird [on the Hampshii-e coast 

 this is a name for the Guillemot, Uria troile,] a sort of Columbus, less than 

 a magpy, black and white, and stands straight upright. Gorges, a fowl bigger 

 and redder than a parlridgc." 



