Rate of Growth and Ecesis in Lichens 141 



Graphis scripta, situated 1.3 m. from the ground, was 2 by 3.5 

 cm. across. After 1 year the plant was 3 by 4 cm. across. 



Ohio, area 5, on the north side of a maple tree 16 cm. in 

 diameter, growing along the north side of a high wood, where 

 shaded except late in the afternoon. A well-fruited specimen 

 of Graphis scripta, situated 1.6 m. from the ground, was 1 cm. 

 across. After 1 year the plant was 1.2 cm. across. After 2 years 

 it was 1.5 cm. across. 



Ohio, area 21, over a mossy rock along a brook, in a low, moist 

 wood, well shaded. A specimen of Peltigera canina 10 by 14 cm. 

 was deprived of several large apothecia. The lobes all pointed in 

 the same direction, and the plant grew 1.75 cm. in this direction 

 in 1 year. The area deprived of its apothecia produced 12 young 

 apothecia, of which only 1 was sufficiently developed at the end of 

 the first year to show the brown disk. From 2 plants near by, 

 the lobes were all removed, leaving the plants 2 and 5 cm. across 

 the longest way. After 1 year the lobes were so completely 

 regenerated that one would not know that they had been ampu- 

 tated. The plants were, at this time, 3.5 and 6 cm. across the 

 longest way. 



Kentucky, area 1, a quadrat 10 cm. square, situated on a sand- 

 stone ledge about 200 m. above the surrounding country, the dry 

 rock face making an angle of 45 degrees with the horizon, and 

 exposed to the sun during the middle of the day. Thirty plants 

 of Umbilicaria pustulata were measured. After 10 months t 

 minute, smooth, sterile plant had increased from 1 to 3 mm. in 

 average diameter, while other smooth, sterile plants had increased 

 as follows: 1 to 2 mm., 5 to 6 mm., 6 to 7 mm., 3 to 3.1 mm., 

 2 to 2.4 mm., 8 to 9 mm., and 6.5 to 9 mm. There were no 

 fruited or conspicuously pustulate plants in the quadrat at this 

 time. After 8 years the plants that remained in the quadrat were 

 stronly pustulate and bore many apothecia. Many of the plants 

 marked in the first study had disappeared, and younger plants 

 had appeared in their places. 



Ohio, area 4, on next to the top rail of a fence along the north 

 border of a high, dry wood, well shaded except late in the 

 afternoon. A smooth and sterile specimen of Parmelia borreri 

 25 cm. in diameter was marked. After 1 year the plant was 26.3 



