150 



Mycologia 



Kentucky, area 5b, habitat like Kentucky, areas 3 and 5. 8 All 

 the podetia of Cladonia subsqnamosa were removed from a 

 quadrat 2 by 4.5 cm., but the squamules were left. After 10 

 months 35 short podetia were detected. After 4 years the podetia 

 were numerous and of normal size. 



Ohio, area 23, on the top 3 rails of 24 rail-lengths of fence, 

 the rails mostly of sound tulip-poplar and placed in the fence in 

 October, 1908, the area lying along a roadside where exposed to 

 the sun, except under 2 large beech trees where shaded until mid- 

 afternoon. After 2 years 2 minute specimens of Parmelia tiliacea 

 were found on a new rail under one of the beech trees. After 6 

 years several Physcia tribacia plants were found on a new rail 

 under one of the beech trees, the largest Physcia 5 by 7 mm. One 

 Parmelia found 4 years before was now 2 cm. across. On another 

 new rail under one of the beech trees, a strip of Cladonia squamules 

 was found scattered over the rail for a distance of 10 cm. On a 

 new rail exposed to the sun was found a Cladonia with several 

 minute podetia. One of the new, exposed, top rails showed the 

 thallus of Placodium micro phyUimum scattered over the whole 

 length of the rail. After 8 years the largest Physcia tribacia was 

 2.5 cm. across, the larger Parmelia tiliacea was 6 cm. across, and 

 Placodium micro phyllinum was found on several new rails scat- 

 tered along the whole 24 rail-lengths. The last plant bore several 

 apothecia. 



Kentucky, area 23, a quadrat of soil 60 by 70 cm., denuded 3 

 cm. deep and some sticks devoid of lichens scattered over the 

 quadrat, which was poorly shaded by a dry, open wood. The 

 quadrat, before being denuded, was covered by the following 

 plants : several areas of Cladonia subcariosa, an area of C. cervi- 

 cornis, some crustose lichens on small stones, and a few mosses 

 which covered the small proportion of the soil not covered by the 

 Cladoniae. After 10 months Cladonia squamules were begin- 

 ning to appear on the soil throughout the quadrat. These were 

 large enough to be seen plainly with the eye. Unfortunately, the 

 quadrat was destroyed before another observation could be made. 



Kentucky, area 8, an eastward- facing ledge of conglomerate 

 sandstone 4 m. high, lying on a high, sparsely-wooded hill, 



8 See Kentucky, area 5, p. 154, and Kentucky, area 3, p. 142. 



