154 



Mycologia 



quadrat 3 by 7 dm., denuded 5 cm. deep, removing the lichens 

 and the superficial portions of the Polytrichum on which these 

 were growing. Cladonia pyxidata and C. cristatella were abun- 

 dant, and 4 other Cladoniae were seen in small quantities. After 

 2 months many small Cladonia squamules were- observed in the 

 quadrat. After 4 years a considerable number of specimens of 

 Cladonia pyxidata of normal size were observed. After 8 years 

 the quadrat had reverted to the conditions surrounding it. 

 Cladonia pyxidata was abundant with 300 podetia within the 

 quadrat. More than 30 podetia bore apothecia. A small amount 

 of Cladonia cristatella was present and bore apothecia sparingly. 

 Smaller amounts of 3 or 4 other Cladoniae were seen. 



Kentucky, area 5, habitat like Kentucky, area 3, 12 a quadrat 4.5 

 by 5.5 cm., denuded 2 to 10 mm. deep. The quadrat was covered 

 by Cladonia sub squamosa, which also grew on the surrounding 

 rock. After 10 months Cladonia squamules were detected in 

 considerable number within the quadrat. After 4 years the 

 squamules had increased considerably in size and number. After 

 8 years squamules of normal size covered one-fourth of the 

 quadrat and bore 20 fully developed podetia. Nearly all of these 

 podetia bore apothecia. Many smaller pedetia were seen. 



Kentucky, area 28, habitat similar to Kentucky, area 27, 13 but 

 back 1 m. from the edge of the cliff where more shaded. A 

 quadrat 3 by 4 dm. on soil 3 dm. or more deep was denuded 4.5 

 cm. deep. Cladonia pyxidata and C. cristatella in large quantity 

 and Cladonia verticillata and C. squamosa in small quantity nearly 

 covered the mossy substratum, A small amount of Polytrichum, 

 a half dozen low huckleberry bushes, 3 or 4 clumps of grass, and 

 a few other herbs were present. All plant parts were removed 

 from the quadrat, except such roots as extended below the depth 

 of denudation and could not be pulled out. After 10 months 

 many small Cladonia squamules were found growing within the 

 quadrat, and about the margin were clusters of larger squamules 

 which bore podetia. These had been carried into the quadrat in 

 some manner. After 4 years Cladonia pyxidata was present in 

 large quantity. The squamules were scattered over the whole 

 quadrat, and a considerable number of podetia of normal size 



12 See Kentucky, area 3, p. 142. 



1 3 See Kentucky, area 27, p. 145. 



