wake: anthropology of Yorkshire. 229 



after the devastation of the region by the Conqueror. The new 

 comers doubtless resembled the majority of the modern inhabitants 

 of the north of France, that is, ' in the main a mixture of the square- 

 browed, long-faced type which the French ethnologists call Kimric, 

 with the short, swarthy, round-headed type of Broca's Kelts or Kelti- 

 Ligurian.' 



Professor Phillips found in the elevated districts of the West 

 Riding another type, which he considered Norwegian. It is described 

 as * person robust, visage oval, full, and rounded ; nose often slightly 

 aquiline ; complexion somewhat embrowned, florid ; eyes brown or 

 gray ; hair brown or reddish.' On the other hand, Dr. Beddoe 

 believes this type to be a variety of the Anglian, as it abounds in 

 Staffordshire, a very Anglian county, and has eyes of a neutral tint, 

 between light and dark green, brown, and gray, known as the ' Wilt- 

 shire eye.' He adds that in Craven the Brigantian or Romano- 

 Briton survives in some force; the hair is often dark, and the features 

 high. Moreover, in the ancient kingdom of Loidis and Elmet, from 

 Tadcaster and Leeds westward, up Airedale and the Worth Valley, 

 to the Lancastrian frontier, the fair race ' predominates to a remark- 

 able degree.' This, Dr. Beddoe thinks, may be accounted for on the 

 supposition that when Edwin of Deira conquered that British King- 

 dom, he drove its inhabitants across the mountains, and that the 

 Angles of the plain of York took refuge there from the subsequent 

 invasion of the Danes. Still another type occurs, especially in the 

 South- Western part of the West Riding, which Dr. Beddoe believes 

 to be descended from an ancient race. 



Dr. Beddoe remarks that in few parts of Britain does there exist 

 a more clearly-marked moral type than in Yorkshire. He says : — 

 ' To that of the Irish it has no affinity ; but the Scotchman and the 

 Southern Englishman alike recognise the differences which distinguish 

 the Yorkshire character from their own, but are not so apt to appre- 

 hend the numerous respective points of resemblance. The character 

 is essentially Teutonic, including the shrewdness, the truthfulness 

 without candour, the perseverance, energy, and industry of the Low- 

 land Scotch, but little of their frugality, or of the theological instinct 

 common to the Welsh and Scotch, or of the imaginative genius, or 

 the more brilliant qualities which sometimes light up the Scottish 

 character. The sound judgment, the spirit of fair-play, the love of 

 comfort, order, and cleanliness, and the fondness for heavy feeding, 

 are shared with the Saxon Englishman ; but some of them are still 

 more strongly marked in the Yorkshireman, as is also the bluff in- 

 dependence — a very fine quality when it does not degenerate into 

 selfish rudeness. The aptitude for music was remarked by Giraldus 



Aug. 1886. 



