374 



MARTINDALE : NEW WESTMORELAND LICHENS. 



genera Salix, Rubus, Cirsium, and Ifteracium, which are rich in 

 species and tend to form varieties, and in which fertile hybrids are. 

 known to arise. 



Such is a brief account of these most interesting researches. 

 It is not pretended that it is at all adequate to the importance of the 

 subject or the merits of the paper ; but it will, at least, show the 

 direction in which the accomplished author is at present working, 

 and may induce some of our readers to seek further details in a 

 perusal of the paper itself. 



NOTE—ORNITHOLOG Y. 



Variety Of the Kittiwake.— -A White Kittiwake {Rissa tridactyld) was 

 shot at Flamborough, about one mile south of the headland, by Mr. Saltfleet, on 

 Saturday, October 23rd. This most splendid specimen is all white, with the 

 exception of a little fawn colour on the wing coverts, with a deeper fawn where 

 the black should be on the primaries ; eyes brown ; legs, feet, and bill yellow. — 

 Matthew Bailey, Flamborough, November nth, 1886. 



[This specimen, from the above slight description, appears to us to agree fairly 

 well with what is known of a certain immature phase in the plumage of the Ivory 

 Gull {Pagophila eburnea). — Eds.] 



NEW WESTMORELAND LICHENS. 



JOSEPH A. MARTINDALE, 



Staveley, near Ke?idal, Westmoreland. 



Dr. Nylander has recently described, at p. 461 of 'Flora' for this 

 year, two new Lichens gathered in Westmoreland, and submitted to 

 him for determination. As both may be expected to occur in similar 

 places in Britain, I append a translation of Nylander's descriptions. 

 Lecanora flavocitrina Nyl. Like L. citrina, but having the thallus 

 composed of thin appressed squamules, which are either alto- 

 gether citrino-pulverulent or only so at the margins ; apothecia 

 orange-yellow, biatorine, margined (0*3 — 0*4 mm. broad) ; 

 spores 8, shaped like those of the Placodia, 0*007 — "oio mm. 

 long, and 0*006 mm. broad. Hymenial gelatine turning a full 

 blue with iodine. 



On clay slate stones in walls near Staveley (J. A. Martindale). 

 Lecanora crenulatella Nyl. Thallus citrine, thin, unequal, rimose; 

 apothecia subconcolorous, zeorine (about 1 mm. broad) most 

 frequently surrounded by an elegantly crenulated thalline margin; 

 spores 8, shaped like those of the Placodia, 0*016 — 20 mm. long 

 and o - oo8 — 9 mm. broad (loculi of medium size). 



On limestone blocks near Sandside (J. A. Martindale), 



A well-marked plant, hardly to be placed under L. erythrella. 



Naturalist, 



