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lected. tJpon the higher portions of the Wolds, crops suffer 

 much from elevation and exposure ; while in the western 

 portion of Yorkshire, upon the moor edges, the harvest is 

 usually a month later than in the central parts of the island. 



A moderate Depth of Soil in general is a favourable sign, 

 although some of the shallow soils on the New Red Sand- 

 stone and on the Wolds are very good. 



I shall now briefly apply these indications of fertility over 

 the different geological formations of Yorkshire, and it will 

 be found that each lends aid to the other, and that a person 

 will be able to ascertain the value of land in proportion as 

 he is able to appreciate the collective evidence afforded by 

 them. 



1. Upon the Chalk Wolds of Yorkshire there are two 

 distinct qualities of land — the shallow and the deep land. 

 Upon the deep land neither wheat nor barley are produced in 

 perfection, the former night-ripens, and the latter is not of a 

 good sample. The land is also said to be of better quality 

 where pebbles or boulders are found. The colour of both ^ 

 kinds of soil is much alike, yet as the deep soils are improved 

 and rendered more firm by chalking, consistence, if positively 

 existing, becomes a favourable sign ; so also is that of a good 

 vegetation, if used under the precautions before named. And 

 a chemical investigation shows that the difference between the 

 good soil and the inferior, is owing to the presence of more 

 lime in the good soil — the deep containing only from 1 to 2J 

 per cent., while the good contains as much as 7 per cent. ; 

 and Geology explains why the one soil contains more lime 

 than the other, and how both are geographically disposed ; — 

 for the shallow wold soils exist only where large bodies of 

 water have excavated the chalk rock itself, which contains 90 

 per cent, of carb. of lime ; and as fresh pieces of chalk rock 

 are constantly ploughed up, the soil contains more lime. 

 In the map of Hull and its environs of ten miles round, the 



