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was 62.40. No statistical account of those employed in the 

 manufacture of woollen and flax in Leeds has yet been pub- 

 lished, but there is good reason to believe that the great 

 mass of disease constantly witnessed in our manufacturing 

 districts, flows from the great towns, with badly-constructed 

 dwellings, narrow streets, imperfect drainage, and confined 

 working rooms, more than the factory system itself. Dr. 

 Knoltz, of Vienna, has lately published an account of the man- 

 agement of cotton mills in Lower Austria, where he proves 

 that factory working, per se, is not more prejudicial to health 

 than most other occupations. We gather from his publica- 

 tion, that the hours of labour in the cotton mills are more 

 extended than in our own country, and yet that the health of 

 the operatives is in a better condition than that of other 

 classes of workpeople ; attributable to the excellent sanitary 

 regulations of the country. The factories described by Dr. 

 Knoltz are situated, not in the centre of large cities, but in 

 hamlets, villages, and small country towns. Most of these 

 districts are open plains, well exposed to the air. He says all 

 considerations relating to the healthiness of the foundations 

 and site, security against fire, and other collateral circum- 

 stances of this kind, are determined by the authorities, prior 

 to the erection of the mills, and every advantage is taken to 

 secure the probable health of the future work-people. In 

 building, every care is bestowed upon the height and width 

 of the rooms, and upon the facilities for ventilating them ; 

 and further, in the immediate vicinity of the work-places are 

 built dwellings of a very superior character, the property of 

 the mill-owners, for the operatives themselves, as well as 

 apartments for their treatment in sickness, and also schools 

 and residences for the teachers. The due management of 

 all these matters is rendered obligatory upon the occupiers 

 of the establishment by the Government of the country. He 

 further states that the children of the operatives are better 



