2^5 



educated and fed than those of the other villagers, and being 

 removed from the bad example furnished in large towns, are 

 strangers to the vice and delinquencies of corresponding 

 classes in France and England. The men work in lofty 

 rooms, which are kept in the cleanest state possible, well 

 heated by Messner's stoves, or by hot water in tubes in 

 winter, and most carefully ventilated in summer. That 

 every where near the larger mills infirmaries are instituted, 

 and furnished with well-paid physicians and surgeons, in 

 order that all adults, as well as children, may receive appro- 

 priate care and attention during illness; and in all cases of 

 epidemic disease, the mill-owner is compelled, by existing 

 regulations, to provide every thing at his own cost. And 

 as the successful result of these arrangements, that during 

 the prevalence of the cholera in 1832, in the largest factory 

 in the monarchy, at Pottendorf, where upwards of 1,200 

 persons are employed, only three fell victims to this pesti- 

 lence. He also affirms that there is no unusual mortality 

 among the factory workers, and that the sickness is greater 

 amongst the children of the villages unconnected with cotton 

 mills. That the establishments are usually in full work about 

 fifteen hours a-day, and the young children are engaged in 

 actual work about thirteen hours. 



As a third disturbing cause, epidemics may act partially^ 

 i, e, if Leeds be visited with scarlatina, or small-pox, or 

 measles, while Sheffield is not, as in the year 1839, (the 

 deaths in Leeds were nearly 400 from measles, while those 

 in Sheffield were 33,) such a circumstance will tend to alter 

 their respective rates of mortality ; but in a sequence of years, 

 it is highly probable that the mortahty from epidemics will 

 be nearly balanced, for their progress all over the kingdom 

 is governed by certain general laws, going through a regular 

 course, and declining ; thus, five persons die weekly in the 

 metropolis from small-pox, but when the disease becomes 



