NOTES — ORNITHOLOGY AND GEOLOGY. 297 



the sea-banks by excavating clay for their raising or repair. A thick 

 vegetation of reeds and other marsh-loving plants soon hides the 

 water where less deep, and the sand blown over from the beach, with 

 the mud formed by the decay of vegetable matter, slowly fills up the 

 shallower parts. Many of the rarer plants are there to be found. 



But let me describe the piece of apparatus I mentioned. 

 Take the neck of a clear glass wine- or beer-bottle broken off at 

 the shoulder, grind the broken end to an angle of some 45 degrees 

 or so, and insert a walking-stick at the other. With this a dive is 

 made at the insect sitting or running on the mud or soft ground, and 

 if the aim be good enough to cover it, a little careful pushing ensures 

 a stopper of like material, between which and the end of the stick it 

 is safe. For SaldidcE a net of any kind is almost useless. 



The district and county have been too little worked as yet to 

 render any deductions or speculations as to relative abundance or 

 geographical distribution worthy of being submitted for consideration. 



Meanwhile, a word or two in season from such of my readers as 

 may agree with me, may be profitably expended in directing attention 

 to this and the other less studied branches of entomology, in which 

 there are more discoveries to be made and more need of labourers 

 than in the well-worked tribes which first attract the notice of the 

 young insect-hunter. _ 



NOTE—ORNITHOLOG V. 

 Sand-Grouse near Whitby, Yorkshire. — Six Sand-Grouse {Syrrhaptes 

 paradoxus) were shot on the ridge between Stonegate and Lealholm Bridge, the 

 latter part of June, out of a flock of about eighty. — Thqs. Stephenson, Whitby, 

 September 13th, 1888. 



NOTE— GEOLOGY, 



Glacier Work in Airedale. — A few members of the Executive of the Leeds 

 Geological Association have just paid a visit to a quarry at Greengates, near 

 Apperley Bridge, which had been reported by Mr. Wm. Thornton, of Calverley, as 

 deserving of some attention. This quarry is near the Old Lane, and a little west of 

 the ravine which the Carr Beck has cut for itself through the shales and sandstones 

 of the Lower Coal Measures. The Rough Rock (the uppermost bed of the Millstone 

 Grit series) is here quarried, and the stone is very massive and of a good character. 

 It is capped by about six feet of very stiff and tough yellow Boulder Clay, full of 

 rounded and sub-angular blocks of gannister and other local sandstones, with frag- 

 ments of coal and shale interspersed here and there. These vary in diameter from 

 a few inches to about two feet. Many of these blocks, particularly the gannister, 

 show fine examples of glacial strice. This Boulder Clay had been removed in order 

 that the underlying stone might be quarried, and the bared surface of the Rough 

 Rock presented most strikingly that characteristic ice- worn feature of being rounded, 

 polished, and engraved with well-defined stride and groovings. A finer moutonneed 

 surface is not often seen. The stride run in a N.W. and S.E. direction, showing 

 clearly the line of travel of the Airedale glacier. The quarry is about 300 ft. above 

 sea-level, and immediately to the south is some rising ground, which would impede 

 the course of the glacier, and render its pressure and grinding j'jower greater at this 

 spot. This fine evidence of glacial erosion possesses additional value from the fact 

 that we l)elieve it is the furthest point down the valley of the Aire where such an 

 observation has been noted and recorded, and great credit is due to Mr. Thornton 

 for reporting the same.— S. A. Adamson, 22nd September, 188S. 

 Oct. 1888. 



