314 stabler: hepatic.*: and musci of Westmorland. 



I have not been able to obtain statistics for one of my favourite 

 valleys, that of Alardale, except for the last dry year (1887), when 

 Mr. G. J. Symons registered in three different parts of the valley the 

 following quantities, 76-55, 68-95, 45 "5° inches (Naddle Forest). 

 Just over the western boundary of the county is one of the wettest 

 parts of the island, over 220 inches having been recorded in one 

 year at Seathwaite in Borrowdale. 



Around the head of Morecambe Bay and across the southern 

 part of the county, the principal rocks are those of the Carboniferous 

 formation. The same system of rocks also occupies an extensive 

 district in the north-east part of the county, stretching along each 

 side of the Eden Valley from Mallerstang and Ravenstonedale to the 

 borders of Cumberland, the limestone of the middle of the valley 

 being overlaid on both sides of the river from Kirkby Stephen 

 northward by Permian strata, chiefly sandstone. The rest of the 

 county, to the north and south-west of these two limestone areas 

 respectively, is occupied by Silurian rocks. The boundary between 

 the upper and lower Silurians is marked by the very narrow strip of 

 Coniston Limestone running in a N.E. direction from the head of 

 Wmdermere across the upper part of the valleys of Troutbeck, 

 Kentmere, and Long Sleddale towards Shap Fell. The Conglomerate, 

 which in a similar manner marks the division between the Carbon- 

 iferous and Silurian formations, appears here and there, as at the foot 

 of Ulles water, Shap Wells, by the river Lune at Barbon, and in the 

 valley of the river Mint near Kendal. The summits of Wild Boar 

 Fell and of the higher portions of the Pennine Hills are of millstone 

 grit ; basalt appears at Caldron Snout in the upper Tees Valley, 

 and along the western slope of the Pennine Hills ; and a small 

 exposure of granite occurs about the centre of the county to the 

 S.W. of Shap. 



Commencing at the sands around the head of Morecambe Bay 

 and the estuary of the river Kent in the south-west, the county rises 

 very irregularly to an elevation of about 3,000 ft. in its north-western 

 part. On its eastern side the Pennines reach over 2,000 ft. in height. 

 The main watershed runs east and west. The northern slope is 

 drained by the Eden, and the southern by the Lune, the Kent, and 

 some smaller streams. 



Within the boundaries of the county are numerous scars, crags 

 and screes,^ lakes and tarns, glens and ghylls, extensive peat-mosses 

 and alpine bogs, water-falls and rocky streams, as well as remains of 

 ancient forest. 



* Scree : the sloping masses of debris at the base of a precipice. 



Naturalist, 



