Comparative Chart 
14 
ISAAC HICKS & SON 
Elements 
Long Island 
Adjacent 
Mainland 
England 
Alluvial river bot- 
tom, with deep, 
rich soil, receiv- 
ing, in present or 
past, a deposit of 
tmpTi YYiiirl Ytatyi f"Tvp 
upland, and an 
abundant water 
supply. 
On Long Island some places 
approaching these conditions 
have deep, rich soil and an un- 
failing water supply under it, 
or at one side. These condi- 
UUIlbj Willi LWU dllU. d Ilcill 
turies of cleared land, have 
developed noble low-branched 
oak, black walnut, ash, maple 
and beech. There are few 
alluvial valleys. The wet soil 
is often thin, with the fertility 
washed out. 
Mainland has many 
such alluvial river bot- 
toms where adjacent river 
or rock holds water with- 
in reach, and there the 
magnificent elms develop. 
England possesses more 
large old trees than any 
other country, because of 
moist rich soil and a tree- 
lovmg people who have 
cared for ancestral trees for 
centuries. 
Contour of hills and 
valleys. 
Generally flat, except two 
ranges of low wide hills of gla- 
cial moraine 150 to 380 feet 
high, and these have generally 
gentle slopes, as there are no 
active streams at their base 
cutting the valleys deeper. On 
the south shore there are no 
hills to check the warm south 
winds which start growth early. 
On the north shore there is the 
same result over a narrower 
strip. 
Deep valleys and steep 
hills, with a difference in 
climate on the north and 
south slopes. Deep nar- 
row valleys and ravines 
in which some evergreens 
thrive. 
In deep sheltered ravines 
on the south and west coast, 
palms grow outside in 
winter. 
Salt spray, coast 
winds, driving 
sands. 
On Rockaway, Montauk and 
Orient peninsulas, resistance 
to salt spray is a controlling 
factor in landscape develop- 
ment. On the shore of Long 
Island Sound and Great South 
Bay it is important for a belt 
along the shore. To some 
plants velocity of the wind is 
more detrimental than salt or 
sand. 
Salt spray is present on 
the coast, but the climate is 
so different that lists recom- 
mended there do not gener- 
ally thrive here. 
Ice storms, coating 
tree branches and 
wires % to X A in. 
with ice. 
The Atlantic coast is subject 
to such storms because of wide 
variation of temperature. The 
immediate cause is rain follow- 
ing a period of clear, cold 
weather. 
