WESTBURY STATION, N. Y, 9 Comparative Chart 
Results on Long Island 
Lessons for Long Island 
Melts snow, starts sap, thaws foliage and ground 
rapidly ; starts peach blossoms too early, and they 
sometimes freeze. In February the jessamine, crocus, 
chionodoxa and chimnonanthus sometimes blossom. 
Some tender evergreens thrive best on the north side 
of buildings or evergreen shelter-belts. 
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region. It has developed a type of country-house 
architecture, long east and west, one room deep, with 
wide porches and shadowy eaves, the sleeping-rooms 
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large rooms below. A slight change in separating pie 
rooms on the first floor, and the planting of shelter- 
belts will transform them to all-the-year residences. 
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down tall spruce or pine mistakenly planted on the 
south side of farmhouses. Plant large maple, elm or 
oak to form a canopy over the house and porch, with a. 
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Trees blown down. Near the shore foliage blown off 
or damaged by a deposit of salt. 
Trees in deep soil, low-branched and broad, are most 
likely to withstand storms and reach great age. A 
shelter of other trees is advantageous. 
The ocean currents cause most of the differences of 
climate noted. 
Favorable to production of numerous fine feeding- 
roots. Easy to work. Trees grow large on north bor- 
der next to the hills, as at Westbury Nurseries. 
Trees from it transplant successfully, and continue a 
vigorous growth, better than from gravel and clay soil. 
Evergreens have numerous roots close to the stem. 
The pine-barren region was not early settled, because 
New York City demanded the products of hay farms. 
It has been undervalued because not natural grass land, 
and blighted by fire and real-estate booms. Scenery 
undi versified ; drainage good ; healthful. Favorable 
for early vegetables. The softer and finer particles are 
washed out of the soil and subsoil, making a sieve for 
rain and fertility 
Develop into the garden spot of Long Island, by scien- 
tific, modern agriculture. Fertilize ; grow clover, cow- 
peas, alfalfa ; add humus. Irrigate if necessary from, 
abundant supply 10 to 50 feet below. Get quick, cheap 
transportation. Clear fire lanes. Establish a system 
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fires. Diversify scenery by landscape forestry, devel- 
oping the best existing trees and by planting. Soil is 
favorable to most evergreens on list. 
Hard-pan subsoil holds up water near the surface and 
causes vigorous growth of trees. On the richer and 
moister portions, the natural growth of forest is pin- 
oak, elm, ash, tulip, sweet -gum, sugar maple, red 
oak, shag-bark hickory, swamp white oak, and per- 
simmon. On hills with gravel subsoil, the forest is 
black oak, scarlet oak, white oak, mockernut hickory, 
dogwood, black birch, chestnut, locust, cherry, white 
pine, cedar. 
Plant such trees and most of the evergreens on the list. 
Plant commercial apple orchards on hills with hard-pan. 
subsoil, rich in potash. Plant commercial peach or- 
chards on gravel hills and fertilize with potash. Prac- 
tice landscape forestry. Locate sites by aid of contour 
map, which shows views over, or between, adjacent' 
hills when cleared. Select permanent trees; leave a 
circle of nurse trees to be cut in five years. On the 
bare hills plant and prepare for residences. 
Favorable for the growth of above, and especially of 
locust, as the finer particles of sand, loam and potash 
are not washed out as much as on the coastal plain. 
Boulders disintegrate and furnish fertility. Good grass 
land, favorable for stock, fruit and the staple farm and 
vegetable crops. Not as early for vegetables as the 
more sandy south side. 
Take advantage of these conditions and nearness to 
good water transportation for manure, and for shipping 
fruits and vegetables. Develop residence sites as 
above, with views to the Sound and with shore privi- 
leges. 
Planters often discouraged at slow growth of trees 
not suited to soil, and deterred from planting because 
of high price and moderate, quality of top soil. Natural 
forest, white, scarlet, black, post, scrub and chestnut 
oaks; Red maple, wild cherry, pepperidge, cedar, 
pitch pine, holly, bayberry, high-bush huckleberry, 
sumach, Virginia creeper. Poor farming land. Salt 
spray injurious. 
Plant large trees grown cheaper elsewhere. Plant 
trees suited to the soil (see Seaside List). Avoid Caro- 
lina Poplar and elm. Improve soil by adding humus,, 
by fertilizing several times per year, and by mulching,, 
which will often suffice instead of purchasing soil. Try 
purchasing soil from regions of heavy clay loam by rail 
or barge. Plant m thick groups and thin out. Avoid 
prevalent methods of cutting back, leaving dead stubs. 
More fertile soil than the balance of the south side of 
Long Island. Elms, Mazzard cherry,, catalpa, syca- 
more and Norway maple thrive. Ocean winds are 
principal hindrance. Boulders and clay contribute to 
fertility. 
Permits planting trees requiring fertile soil and a high 
development of landscape art, if shelter-belts are es- 
tablished. See Seaside List. 
Warm soil is favorable to the growth of most plants. 
The soil can be worked early in spring. Nursery and 
farm planting may be a month in advance of inland. 
Long Island is the most famous vegetable-growing 
region in America. 
Warmth of soil favors many plants, native to south- 
ern climates, — holly, magnolia, liquidambar, yellow- 
wood, white cedar, Chinese arborvitae, yucca, persim- 
mon, silver-bell, stuartia, white fringe, cactus. 
