Comparative Chart » ISAAC HICKS & SON 
Elements 
Long Island 
ADJACENT MAINLAND 
England 
Other winter winds. 
South, from gulf stream. 
Thaws, rapidly and starts sap. 
Relatively less. 
Prevailing summer 
winds. 
Southwest, cool sea breeze ; 
afternoons and nights cool. 
Northwest, dry, cool. 
Southwest, hot and dry 
from over-warm south- 
west interior; cool sea 
breeze absent ; nights hot. 
Northwest, dry, cool. 
Northwest, from cool 
northern seas. 
Great storms. 
Violent off-shore winds. Se- 
verity due to level surface and 
lack of wind-break. 
Less severe, due to pro- 
tection by hills and moun- 
tains. 
Ocean current. 
Some winds from the gulf 
stream and from the arctic cur- 
rent reach Long Island. 
Absent. 
Gulf stream warms Eng-. 
land continually. 
Soil. Hempstead 
Plains, south of 
hills. 
Fine brown loam, to 2 
feet deep ; no stones, gravel or 
clay. 
Coastal Plains, east 
of Hempstead 
Plains. Pine bar- 
rens, brush. Farm- 
ingdale to River- 
head. Amityville 
to Westhampton. 
Yellow, sandy loam, contain- 
ing fine blown sand. Surface 
soil thin, 3 to 12 inches. Subsoil 
for both above, coarse gravel 
and sand, mostly quartz, which 
is the hardest, least soluble, 
least fertile element ; a sieve 
for water and fertility. Water 
table, 15 to 80 feet deep. The 
subsoil is outwash plain from 
glacial moraine with most solu- 
ble and fine particles washed 
out by glacial streams or ocean. 
Soil on the hills and 
between them. 
The hills are terminal mo- 
raines or ranges of hills depos- 
ited by the glacier, or ice sheet, 
which moved across New Eng- 
land. General surface soil 
brown or drab loam and grav- 
elly loam. Generally fertile. 
Subsoil, hard-pan of clay loam 
mixed with boulder and gravel. 
Occasionally subsoil of coarse 
gravel, as at Harbor Hill and 
south slope of moraine. 
: ; ; 
Soil north of hills. 
Surface and subsoil gener- 
ally rich loam and hard-pan or 
boulder clay, left by glacier 
over pre-glacial layers of sand 
and gravel. 
Soil of Far Rocka- 
way Peninsula, 
Lynbrook, Cedar- 
hurst, Barnum Is- 
land. 
Thin yellow loam, poor in 
fertility. Subsoil coarse quartz 
gravel, like glass marbles. Not 
much sand between. Not gla- 
cial in origin. 
Soil of Southampton 
and vicinity. 
One of the two. moraines left 
by the glaciers. Soil contains 
boulders and clay. Soil more 
fertile than balance of south 
side of Long Island. 
Soil temperature. 
Soil of light, sandy nature, 
quickly drained, and warms 
quickly, especially on south- i 
em slopes. 
Heavier soil. Clay 
loam with subsoil less 
quickly drained uses up 
heat in drying up surplus 
water. Soil is cool. 
Soil is still cooler because 
of same reason, and north- 
ern latitude. Rhododen- 
drons thrive, Too cool for- 
corn. 
