Comparative Chart of Long Island Soil and Climate 
Elements 
Long Island 
Adjacent Mainland 
Back from coast 
Central Pennsylvania, New 
York and New England 
England 
Latitude. 
4i°=Gpain, Southern Italy. 
40°t0 42 0 . 
53°=Labrador, British Co- 
lumbia, Southern Alaska, 
Kamchatka, Eastern. Si- 
hpria TVTnQr*ow 
Average annual tem- 
perature. 
52°. 
51°. 
50 0 . 
Temperature in Jan- 
uary. 
30°=Iceland, Northern Nor- 
way, Japan, Southern Alaska. 
30°. 
45°= Charleston, S. C, 
Northern California, North- 
ern Spain, Italy. 
Temperature in July. 
75°= Southern France, Ja- 
pan, Southern California. 
7 e°. 
60°= Norway, Archangel, 
Northern Siberia, Northern 
Alaska, Hudson's Bay, New-, 
foundland. 
Range or difference 
in temperature be- 
tween the average 
of January and of 
July. 
42?=Similar to Russia, Cas- 
pian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, 
Persia, Turkestan, Thibet, 
Western Central China, Japan, 
Colorado, Alleghany Moun- 
tains ; similar, but not the same 
extreme. The difference be- 
tween the coldest and the 
hottest days is greater than the 
average given. 
m 
15°= Same as France, 
Spain, Florida, Mexico, Cali- 
fornia, British Columbia, 
Northern India, Hong Kong. 
Extreme range in 
winter for a week. 
Sometimes from 20 0 below 
zero to 6o° above. 
Less, due to absence of 
ocean warmth. 
Much less, due to absence 
of cold continental winds. 
Intensity or sunshine 
in clear winter 
weather. 
Rays of sunlight more nearly 
vertical than England. Light 
often intense. 
Rays oblique. Less bril- 
liant sunshine. Frequent 
clouds and fog. 
Annual rainfall. 
45 inches. 
Slightly less. 
40 inches.. 
Rainfall, May to 
Sept. inclusive. 
20 inches. 
15 inches, sufficient be- 
cause of less evaporation. 
Drought. 
Liable to drought, but . fre- 
quent damp winds from the 
ocean bring showers that 
hasten growth. 
Liable to drought. 
Does not suffer from 
periodical drought. 
Evaporation. 
40 inches from the surface 
of water. 
' Lake Michigan, 22 in. 
(Great Salt Lake, 80 in.) 
20 inches, due to moist 
ocean air and oblique sun 
rays. 
Relative humidity, 
winter. 
Low in dry northwest winds. 
High in damp northeast winds. 
High in damp south winds. 
Lower. 
High. Air nearly- satu- 
rated for part of the time. 
Relative humidity, 
summer. 
Air frequently moist from 
the ocean, but may be dry for 
a few days. 
Lower. 
High. Air damp. 
Snow. 
Light snow, soon melted by 
ocean winds or fogs, alternate 
with rain. 
Heavy snow accumu- 
lates during winter ; cools 
the air, protects young 
trees and prevents the 
gi ounu 11 0 in ireczing 
deeply. Few rains. 
Light. 
Prevailing winter 
winds. 
Northwest winds from dry 
cold interior of continent. 
Same. 
Southwest, from warm 
southern sea. Moist. 
Velocity of winter 
winds. 
High, due to level surface 
and absence of wind-break. 
Lower, due to hills and 
forests. 
Drying power of 
winds. 
High, due to high velocity 
and low relative humidity. 
High. ' 
Little drying power, there- 
fore foliage does not dry out, 
but continues dark green 
and luxuriant. • 
Other winter winds. J 
Northeast, from cold arctic 
current. 
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