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JUNIPER. 



Family: CONIFERS [Translator's note: now CUPRESSACEAE]. 

 Reproductive system: DIOECY, MONADELPHY. 



The junipers are trees or shrubs with monoecious or dioecious flowers. The male 

 flowers form small catkins made of scales widened at the tip with two or four anthers at 

 their base. The female flowers are composed of thick scales, arranged in four rows, with 

 an ovary underneath each one. The scales become fleshy and fuse together to form a 

 rounded berry containing three or more pits. 



The eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana, Linn., is a large tree from North 

 America naturalized in our parks and large gardens. Generally it has a pyramidal 

 branched habit that sometimes is uneven and spread out. The bark on its trunk and 

 branches is reddish. The leaves are imbricate, closely appressed, and very small. It 

 blooms in May and June. 



The Phoenician juniper, Juniperus phmnicea, Linn., is a shrub that grows about 

 two meters high and has a pyramidal habit. The leaves are very tiny, oval, convex and 

 adhere to the branch like those of the cypress tree. The fruit is spherical, reddish yellow, 

 and is the size of a large pea. There's a cultivated variety with bigger fruit that is brown in 

 color. It grows in the southern provinces of France, and it blooms in April. 



The common juniper, Juniperus communis, Linn., most often forms an extremely 

 thick bush. Sometimes it grows into a tree a few meters high. The bark is reddish brown. 

 The leaves are narrow, stiff, prickly, and concave on one side. The fruit is blackish blue. 

 This juniper grows on dry barren hills in France and Europe. 



NOMENCLATURE. German, wegbaum. English, juniper tree. Italian, il ginepro. 

 Russian, moschewelnik. Polish, jalowiec. 



