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because the wood of the English oak has been compared only with thai used by the royal 

 navy, which usually comes from Danzig. That wood is soft and doesn't withstand 

 extended service in seaports. But if English oak wood had been compared with that of our 

 own southern provinces, there would be a difference in favor of the latter even greater 

 than that between the former and oak from northern Europe. I'm convinced that the best 

 ships of the English navy were built in Toulon or in Spain. 



The pyramidal oak, Quercus fastigiata, Lam, [Translator's note: now classified as 

 a variety of Quercus robur; the cypress oak]. This species resembles the oak tree with 

 sessile acorns in its quite deeply indented leaves and the other tree in its pedunculate 

 acorns. But it differs from these two species in its short, almost absent petioles, in the 

 arrangement of its branches that form a very acute angle with the trunk, in its slender, 

 pyramidal habit, and in its leaves that fall off at the beginning of winter. In the other two 

 species the dry leaves remain on the tree until spring. 



Range. This oak tree is found in the Pyrenees, in lower Navarre, and in the 

 vicinity of Bordeaux. It's thought to have come from Portugal. 



Uses. Its slender shape, like that of the Italian poplar tree, makes it suitable for the 

 enhancement of large parks and country gardens. In our nurseries it's grown from seeds, 

 and it's successfully grafted on the sessile acorn oak tree and on the pedunculate acorn 

 oak tree. 



The Turkey oak, Quercus cerris, Linn., is a tree eight to ten meters high. Its trunk 

 generally is knotty and twisted. The leaves are oblong, almost smooth, whitish and 

 slightly downy underneath, and are indented with somewhat pointed lobes. The fruit is 

 small, sessile, and half covered with a bristly cupule. 



The oak tree called crinite [Translator's note: i.e. like horsehair] because its 

 cupule is covered with long shaggy hair, seems merely to be a variety of the Turkey oak, 

 as is the Burgundy oak, which differs only in its straighter and less knotty trunk, its 

 leaves covered underneath with white hair, and its pedunculate fruit close together in 

 pairs. 



