The medicinal properties that some authorities attribute to the sap or to the 

 phloem of this tree are somewhat fanciful. 



CULTIVATION. The elm tree prefers gentle, easily penetrable soil. It avoids earth 

 that is compact, rich, and clayey. It's propagated by planting its seeds in ground that's 

 well broken up and lightly covered with a mixture of compost and loam. It's propagated 

 in several other ways as well: by layering and from shoots, suckers, and cuttings. But the 

 first way is the best. 



The elm tree's roots spread very widely in plowed ground and can damage crops. 

 The tree tolerates pinning well; it can be maintained at shrub height after its first growth. 

 It's planted on slopes where it's desirable to cover the surface and to prevent landslides. 



KEY TO PLATE. 



Common elm tree. 1. Branch with flowers. 2. Detached flower, stamens and pistil. 3. 

 Fruit. 



