[89] 



and in a twice-plowed field. The first tillage is performed in the autumn, the second at the 

 onset of spring. When time is short planting can be done with a single tillage at the end of 

 winter. The former method is more advantageous for successful planting. The seeds must 

 be mixed with two parts of seeds that are used for planting cereals (rye. barley, oats, or 

 wheat) to sow one hectare. The seed bed must be harrowed and rolled when the planting 

 is completed. 



In the third year of the planting the saplings must be cleared or spaced so that the 

 individual plants are about sixteen centimeters apart and the spaces that are too open 

 filled in. Two years later they're placed approximately five decimeters apart, and the 

 poorly growing ones are replaced. The same care must be continued until the twentieth 

 year to obtain a beautiful grove. The trees then are about three meters apart and they can 

 be left to grow naturally into a forest grove. They grow for seventy to eighty years. 



These woods are never clear-cut but rather are selectively culled starting with the 

 strongest and finest ones and those that are fully grown. The seeds that fall from the older 

 trees are enough to maintain the forest and to make it last for several centuries. It's only 

 necessary from time to time to clear the individual plants that grow poorly and those that 

 are too close to one another. But care always must be taken not to clear them too much, 

 so that the trees remain close enough together that they grow perpendicularly and don't 

 put out lateral branches higher up that are too long. 



KEY TO PLATE. 



429. - Laricio pine, about one three-hundredth natural size. 



430. - 1. Bud and leaves, natural size. 2. Germination. 3. Fruit. 4. Same, open and 

 releasing its seeds. 5. Scale from the fruit, exterior view. 6. Same, inside view. 7. One of 

 the two seeds separated. 8. Same, transverse section. 



