8 



ELLWANGER & DAJIRTB 



Whmi the eurth is nearly filled in, a pail of water may be thrown on to settle and wash in the earth 

 around the nxjts ; then fill in the remainder and tread gently with the foot. The u.se of water is, seldom 

 neecssary, except in dry weather early in fall or late in spring, Guard against planting too deep; the 

 trees, after the ground settles, should stand in this respect as they did it) the nursery. Trees on dwarf 

 stock should stand .so that all the slock be under the ground, and no more. In very dry, gravelly ground 

 the holes should l)e dug twice the usual size and depth, and filled in with good loamy .soil. 



4th. STAKING. — If trees are tall and much exposed to winds, a stake shoidd be planted with the 

 tree, t« which it should lie lied in such a manner as to avoid chafing. A piece of matting or cloth may 

 be put between the tree and the slake. 



5th. MULCIIIXti. AVhen the tree is jilanted throw around it as far as the roots extend, and a fool 

 bej'ond, five or six inches deei> of rough manure or litter. This is particularly necessary in dry ground, 

 and is highly advantageous everywhere both in .spring and fall planting. It prevents the ground from 

 baking or cracking, and maintains an equal temperature about the roots. 



0th. Al'^TEK-C'ULTUIiE. — The grass should not be allowed to grow around young trees after being 

 planted, as it stunts their growth. The ground should be kept clean and loose around them until, at 

 least, they are of bearing size. 



TUEATMENT OK TuEKS THAT ItAVlC liEEN FltOZEN IN THE PACK.VGES OR RECEIVED DUUING FrOSTY 



WEATirER. — Place the ;)ackages, unopened, in a cellar or some such place, cool, but free from frost, 

 until perfectly thawed, when they can be unpacked, and either planted or placed in a trench until con- 

 venient to plant. Treated thus, they will not be injured by the freezing. Trees procured in the fall for 

 spring planting, should l)e laid in trenches in a slanting po.sition to avoid the winds ; the situation should 

 also lie sheltered and the soil dry. A mulching on the roots and a few evergreen boughs over the fops 

 will afford good jsrotection. 



DISTANCE BETWEEN TREES OR PLANTS IN PLANTATIONS 



Standard Arr-i.ics, to 40 feet apart each way. In poor soil, 2.5 feet may be enough. 



Standaud Pears and Cherries, 20 feet apart each way. Cherries will do at 18 feet, and the 



dwarf growing sorts. Dukes and Morollos, even at 10 feet. 

 Standard Plums, Peaches, Apricots and Nectarines, 10 to 18 feet apart each way. 

 QriNCEs, 10 to 12 feet apart ea(!h way. 



DwARi.' OR Pyramidal Pears, Cherries and Plums, 10 to 13 feet apart each way. The greater 



distance is better where land is not .scarce. 

 DwAKF Apples (bushes), C feet apart. 



Currants, Gooseberries and Raspberries, 3 to 4 feet apart. 

 Ri.ACKBERRiEs, 6 to 7 fect apart. 

 Grapes, 8 to 10 feet apart. 

 Strawbkkkies (see under strawberries). 



NUMBER OF TREES OR PLANTS ON AN ACRE AT VARIOUS DISTANCES. 



At 4 feet apart each way 2 739 



" " -- _l'742 



[[ " [[ [] - - — -..1,200 



y " " aan 



?o " - - - 430 



-- -. 335 



15 

 18 



- - - - 200 



'] 70 



--- - - 50 



80 



The number of plants required for an acre, at any given distance apart, may be ascertained by divid- 

 ing the number of square feet in an acre (43,560) by the number of square feet given to each plant, which 

 is obtained by multiplying the distance between rows by the distance between the plants. Thus' straw- 

 berries planted three feet by one foot, gives each plant three square feet, or 14,520 plants to the acre. 



