62 
EXTRACTS— DIRECTIONS. 
— EXTRACTS FROM — 
Market Gardening and Farm Notes, 
BY BURNET LASMDRETH. 
MARKET GARDENING- UNDER GLASS.— So many 
and so radical have been the fhatigc-s in modem commercial gar- 
dening during the last tweulj-Ilvc years that a practical market 
gardener, of a quarter of a century ago, who, like Kip Van "Winkle, 
should have taken a sleep from 1870 until tlie present, on awaking 
would find that his profession, as he understood it, had passed 
away, his old-fa>hioued and pet methods having been so altered 
ihafc he would neitlier recognize nor understand the ways and 
means in practii e by his scientific successors. Similar imijroved 
methods and appliances run through every branch of horticulture, 
but there is no branc li where there have been more innovations 
made than in tliat of forcing vegetables under glass. These vari- 
ous changes in modes of culture are the result of a rapidly iucreas- 
ing demand in large cities and towns in the north and west for 
lettuce, radishes, cucnmbers, and other esculents for winter and 
early spring use. To meet this constant, ever-broadening and 
profitable branch of gardening, new and improved systems had to 
be developed. 
The house under system Xo. 4 may be of the same construction 
as either No.s. 1, 2 and 3, but difl['.-rs from them in being without 
any apparatus for heating. It may, therefore, be properly termed 
a sun house. It is an improvement upon the "cold frame" long 
used for growing vegetables for early winter and spring use. By 
the old system of cold frames, only one crop of lettuce could be 
grown. The plants were set late in autumn, and the crop so 
handled as to be ready for market early the following spring, a 
month or six weeks before crops are produced in the open garden. 
But now, in sun houses, modern practical gardeners have a new 
and improved method of raising lettuce under glass without 
artificial heat. * * * 
LOCATION OF MUSHROOM BEDS.— Mushrooms 
may be grown in greenhouses any month of the year, and in 
graperies, pits, sheds, cellars and stables from April to October. 
They may also be grown on shelves or on the floor of any of these 
places. A novice in mushroom culture may, with little trouble 
and comparatively no expense, try his apprentice hand at cultiva- 
tion in half barrels kept in a dark shed or cellar, and we would 
advise the following course for such a trial : Procure an empty 
whiskey or vinegar barrel with a firm head and bottom, and saw it 
in half. Pick out the best quality of unfermonted stable manure 
obtainable, and thoroughly mix with one fourth part good friable 
loam, pile the mass compactly, and tramp down and cover with 
ordinary stal)le manure for a blanket. * * * 
STABLE MANURE, COMPOST AND COMMER- 
CIAL FERTILIZERS.— Stable manure of good quality can- 
not be ol)tained in every locality, and it may be practical to 
consider, first, liow i)oor stable manure can be improved, and, 
secondly, how a poor grade may be mixed with oilier materials to 
form a compost. Stable manure, in its general designation, indi^ 
cates all the refuse from the stall and barnyard, and, consequently, 
includes good, bad and indificrent. Of conise, the prominent 
material in stable manure is straw of wlieat, rye, oats or barley, 
with smaller proportions of hay or fodder — these mixed with the 
droppiugs and urine of cattle. Tlie quality * * * 
TRANSPLANTING.— Many seeds of garden vegetables, 
and of nearly all garden flowers, are first sown in beds, to be after- 
wards transplanted to permanent positions, with the object : 
First. — That by their concentration more thorough attention 
can be given them as respects preparation of seed bed. 
Second. — Because the space in which they ultimately stand 
may be occupied by an immature crop. 
Third. — That delicate plants might be lost if sown in perm.a- 
nent positions and subjected to the attacks of insects, or over- 
grown by weeds. 
Fourth. — To save labor, as one thousand small plants iu a bed 
can be cared for at one-tenth the cost of time and money as the 
same number in open ground. 
Fifth. — To induce i)roductiveness, as plants set out from beds 
to the open ground are checked in their vigor of leaf growth and a 
clearly indicated disposition developed, in the direction of bloom- 
ing and early maturity. The beds in which delicate, slow growing 
vegetable plants are grown may be hotbeds, intermediate beds, 
cold frames or out-door border beds, but from all or any of them 
the plants must be moved with equal care, for transplanting is an 
operation so delicate as not only to * * * 
DIREOTXO^S FOR SOWING SEEDS. 
ryi EACH paper of Lundreths' Seeds are printed hints for plantinp; as respects the time and distance, \mt it is impcssiblc, even if tiicre were room niwn 
\J lie paekets, or upon the puRes of tliis pamphlet, to ilraw out directions for plantiuR Seeds to uioet the multitude ,.r conditions consequent upon varia- 
nhty ol s,ze of seed an<l rharaeter an.l eon.l il ion of soil. Pnirtice, however, proves that the better the lan.l is pUaished or dnj;, liarrowed or ralce.l the 
reerlrom . eadorlivins weedsorRrass, larRe stones or other obstacles, the better. Garden eulture is neiierallv more suceessfnl than Held enltnre simnlv 
observed "^^^ attention to details, and garden culture would be still more sueeessful if the dchiils of preparation of the land w'erc yet more 
rii.ri';!"nrn "^^''I'^'J^" I" "'"^"t Seed is to many a beginner a,, roblem, an.l to sneh we will .say it is a safe rule to cover with earth tUree times the 
J;rJr;:v:Mn;::;:t:;nr""^''' - " --^^^ ■-^'^•^ a„ i.cu i^ 
I.ULTNG. TEX.\S.-Tliis makes thirty-two years I have been planting your seeds, and 1 have always found them A No. 1. 
