( V ) 



Piflabeds, and fome Goto bed at Noon, becaufe it then fhuts up 

 its flower, and turns to a downy head of flufy feed, which are 

 carried about with the wind. 



SECT. III. Discoid Flowers. Ray H. PI. 259. Method. 74. 

 audi. 32. Synopf. 47. ed. 2. p. 78. Dale 158. Suppl. 65. El. 

 Bot. 383. Inft. R. H. 481. H. Ox. f. 7. p. 85. 



Thefe Mr. Ray calls Herba flore difcoide, feu pappofo, and di- 

 vides them into, 



1. Flore radiato, Radiated Difcoids, viz. Colts-Foot, Golden 

 Rod, and Rag- Wort. 



2. Flore nudo, Naked Difcoids, as Butterbur, Groundfell, 

 Plowman's Spikenard, Eupatorium or Dutch Agrimony, Cats-Foot, 

 and Cud-Weed. 



The naked difcoids are rimmed with fmall pentapetalous flow- 

 ers (as are the radiated) in the middle ; and it is thefe only that 

 produce the downy feed. 



SECT. IV. Corymbiferous and Knob Flowers. Ray H. 

 PI. 333. Method. 77. auft. 35. Synopf. 564 ed. 2. p. 90. 

 Dale 172. Suppl. 78. El. Bot. 392. I. R. FI. 490. H. Ox. 14. 



Thefe tribes difFer little from the lair, but in having folid feed. 

 Thefe Ray alfo, in his Correft Method, divides into Radiated and 

 otherwife. Amongft the firft are Carline, Corn Marygold, Ox- 

 Eye, Sneeze-Wort, Yarrow, Fetherfew, Great and Small Daify, 

 Chamomile, May-Weed. 



z. Naked Corymb's are Tanfey, Sea Cud-Weed, Wormwood, 

 Southernwood, Mug- Wort, and Cannabina, or Hemp Agrimony. 



3. Knob Flowers. Thefe "he calls Herba Corymbiferis djjines, 

 being fuch plants as come next of kin to the laft. Here are ranked 

 Scabious ; Dipfacus, Fullers Thiftle, or Teafel ; and Eryngo, or 

 Sea-Holly : to thefe I think Bardana, or Burdock, may not im- 

 properly be added. 



SECT. V. Capitated Plants. Ray H. PI. 298. Method. 80. 

 auct.40. Synopf. 52. ed. 2. p. 85. Dale 166. Suppl. 71. El. 

 Bot. 349. I. R. H. 440. H. Ox. f, 7. p. 130. 



Thefe, out of a fcaly head, bear a double flower, compofed of 

 jagged pipy petala, yielding a downy feed like the fecond arid third 

 tribes. Ray terms thefe Herba flore ex fiofailis fifiulofis in longas 

 plerumque lacinias di-vifls, five Capitata ; and Mr. Tournefort, 

 Herba flore flofcidofo. 



Under this head come the numerous and various forts of Thirties, 

 and Jacea, or Knap- Weed, Blue-Bottles, Ballard Saffron, or Car- 

 thamus, and Saw-Wort. 



The milky quality, and flat yellow flowers of the Lactu-Kins, 

 chiefly diftinguilh them from this tribe, which are for the moil 

 part purple, and always pipy. 



SECT. VI. Umbels. Ray H. PI. 406. Method. 86. aua.47. 

 Synopf. 101. ed. 2. p. 63. Dale 192. Suppl. 93. El. Bot. 253. 

 I. R. H. 304. H. Ox. f. 9. p. 266. 



Mr. Ray calls thefe Plan/a Umbcllifcra ; and Mr. Tournefort, 

 Her ba flore polypetalb, rofacco umbellalo. 



The character of an Umbelliferous Plant, is to bear its flowers 

 and feeds in form of an inverted umbrella, being fomewhat hol- 

 low. The flowers are generally compofed of five petals, fuc- 

 ceeded by a double feed, commonly furrowed, which eafily fplits 

 in two when ripe. 



This being a numerous family, we will thus tribe them. 



1. Such as have flat, round-winged feed, are the Garden, Wild, 

 and CowParfnep; Peucedanum, or Hogs-Fennel ; and Tordylium. 



2. . Long-feeded, viz. PeSien Veneris, or Shepherds-Needle, 

 Cow-Weed, Wild Chervil, and Mcum, or Spignel. 



3. Short feeds are Water Angelica and Gout- Weed ; Hippofe- 

 linum, or Alexanders. 



4. Bulb Umbels. Bullocaftanum, or Pig-Nuts ; Water Drop- 

 Worts. 



5. Small-furrowed feed. Amomum ', Selinum, or Hone-Wort ; 

 Sium, or Water-Parfneps ; Burnet and Meadow Saxifrage ; Cara- 

 ways ; Scotch and Rock Pariley ; Smallage ; Water and Common 

 Hemlocks ; Crithmum, or Sarnpire, and Fennel. 



6. Hoary feeds. Garden and Wild Carrots; Mountain and Bur 



Parfley, or Caucalis ; Cr 



Spinofum, or Prickly Sarnpire. 



7. Mifcellany or Tag-Umbels are Coriander, Perfoliata or 

 Thorough- Wax, Hares-Ear andSanicle. 



SECT. VII. Star foils. Herba Stellata Ray FI. PI. 477. 

 Method. 92. auct. 54. Synopf. 73. ed. 2. p. 116. Dale 216. 

 Suppl. 105. El. Bot. 92. Inft. R.H. 113. PI. Ox. f. 9. p. 326. 



The leaves of this tribe are difpofed ftar-wifc, at certain diftances 

 round the ftalk : their flowers are divided into four leaves, each 

 generally producing two feed tefticulated, or joined together. 

 There are not many of this elegant family : the chief are Clivers, 

 Madder, Crofs-Wort, Woodroof, Ladies Bedftraw, and Squiirancy- 

 Wort. 



We have as yet obferved but fifteen of this clafs in England. 



SECT. VIII. Clypeans. Herba Afperifolia Ray H. Pi. 487. 

 Meth. 94. auct. 56. Syn. 72. ed. 2. p. 118. Dale 220. Suppl. 

 108. El. Bot. 109. I. R. PI. 133. H. Ox. f. 11. p. 436. 



Named Clypeans from the difpofition of their feed, four ftandin<? 

 together, with a pointel in the middle, refembling a 0y£eum) 



fliield, or buckler : their flowers are whole at bottom, but at top 

 pentapetalous, (i. e.) more or lefs divided into five leaves or jags : 

 the leaves are generally rough, (whence Mr. Ray's denomination) 

 and hold no order along their ftalk. Of this tribe alfo we have 

 not feen above fifteen or fixteen in all Britain: the molt noted are 

 Hounds-Tongue, Wild and Vipers Buglofs, Grommel, Cumfryj, 

 and Myofotis, or Scorpion- Grafs : the more rare are the Wall, the 

 Sea, and fmall Wild Buglofs, or German Mad- Wort, with the 

 Pidmonaria Wacidofa, or Buglofs Cowflip. 



SECT. IX. Whirl-Plants. Herba Verticillata Ray H. PI. 50S. 

 Meth. 96. audi. 58. Syn. 122. ed. 2. p. 77. Dale 226. Suppl. 



112. El. Bot. 146. I. R. H. 17; 



H. Ox. f. 11. 352. 



Thefe are termed Verticillated Plants, becaufe their flowers are 

 fet in Whirls, either in a fpike, or at certain joints or diftances 

 round the ftalk. 



The flowers of this tribe are monopetalcus, but divided into five 

 unequal fection-., which for the moil part are either labiated, 

 (i. c. full or blubber lipped) or galeated (hooded). The perian- 

 ihium, calyx, or huflc, of each flower, is regularly quinquend (or 

 with five equal feftions) which ferves for its feed-veifel, yet al- 

 ways keeps open : in the bottom of each are contained four feeds, 

 which, in all I have yet obferved, lie level (flat) one with the other. 



This is a very numerous tribe ; and moll of them are plants en- 

 dued with volatile and fulphureous particles, and confequently of 

 very powerful force and virtue : their fmell generallv between car- 

 minative and aromatick, and commonly perceived only in the 

 leaves, flowers and hulks, but moft particularly in the laft, as I 

 have very often nicely obferved, and believe this hitherto-neglefted 

 part to be moft prevalent, becaufe I generally find it to be fome- 

 what, more or lefs, unctuous and clammy, and therefore more 

 capable of yielding a rich fulphureous oil than the ether parts, 

 even the flower, which, though it has got hitherto the greater 

 efteem amongft the inconfiderate, yet only deduces its faint fmell 

 from the more powerful one of the calyx, or hufe. 



For example, if you nicely examine the calyces, hulks, or flower- 

 cups, of the Hormimrn or Clary, you will find them ftrongly en- 

 dowed with- a fort of clamminefs, which is no lefs than its rich 

 fulphur or efl'ential oil, and no where elfe to be found fo ftrongly 

 impregnated as in this pai t ; the truth of which you may alfo very 

 apparently find, if you pleafe to make a diftillation of the flowers 

 and hulks apart. 



The moft noted of this celebrated family, that grow wild with 

 us, are the feveral forts of Mint and Thyme, Penny-Royal ; 

 Black, White, and Water Horehound ; Origanum, Wild Clary, 

 Nepp, Betony, Self-heal, Bafil, Archangel or Dead Nettle, 

 Ground Ivy, Calamint, Ground Pine, Bugle, Woodfage, Scor- 

 dtum or Water-Germander, and Cardiaca or Mother-Wort. 



N. B. The roots of none of this genus have any fame in phyfick', 

 or are endowed with that forcible fmell which is to be found in the 

 parts above ground. 



SECT. X. Herb-Berries. Herba Baccifera Ray H. PI. 652. 

 Synopf. 94. ed. 2. p. 145. Meth. 106. auct. 7.3. Dale 262. 

 Suppl. 137. El. Bot. 67. I. R.H. 76. H. Ox. f. 13. p. 519. 



By thefe our author means fuch herbs, whofe fruit when ripe 

 have a moift pulp, covered with a thin Ikin. 



Such are the White and Black Bryony, Herb Chriftopher, 

 Butchers-Broom, Solomon's Seal, Lilly of the Valley, Herb Paris, 

 Bitter-Sweet, Common and Deadly Nightfhade, Afparagus, Mofs- 

 Berries, and Mofcatel : to thefe may be added the Ralberry, 

 Brambles, Cloud-Berries, and Dwarf Honey-Suckle, or rather 

 Suckle-Berry. 



SECT. XL Bur-Heads. Herba fern, nudo-polyfperma Ray H. PL 

 578. Syn. 85. ed. 2. p. 134. Meth. 85. auct. 67. Dale 247. 

 Syn. 129. El. Bot. 238. I. R. H. 275. H. Ox. f. 4. p. 433. 



This fection is part of Tournefort's Herba flore Rofaceo. 

 Ray, in his Improved Method of Plants, divides this tribe under 

 the following heads, viz. 



1. Burheads with Tripetalous or Three-leaved Flowers, viz. 

 Water-Plantane and Arrow-Head. 



2. Tetrapetalous Burhead, or Tormentil, which differs from 

 the Cinquefoils only in having one petal lefs. 



3. Cinquepetals, as Crow-Feet fifteen forts, fix Avens, three 

 Strawberries, nine Cinquefoils, and Meadow-Swcet. 



4. Polypetals, or Many-leaved, as Pile-Wort, Flos Adonis or 

 Pheafants Eye, and Filipendula or Drop-Wort. 



5. Naked-flowered Burheads, according to Mr. Ray, are the 

 Wood Anemone, Pafque Flower, and Travellers joy. 



SECT. XII. Star-Heads. Herba Mu'.tifdiqua, feu Corniculaia, 

 Ray FI. PI. 686. Syn. 9 S. ed. 2. p. 151. Meth. 92. auit 76. 

 Dale 273. Suppl. 144. H. Ox. f. 12. p. 453. El. Bot. 229. 

 I. R.H. 262. 



This clafs has fo great an affinity with the laft, that indeed 

 they ought fcarce to be parted. The heads of thefe are not fo 

 cluftered, but approaching more pod-like, and generally fteU 

 lated. 



Of this family are the Common and feveral other Houfeleeks, 

 Orpine, Rofe-Wort, Navel-Wort, Black Hellebore or Bears- 

 Foot, Marlh Marygold, Ranunculus Globoftes or Globe Flower, 

 Star-Plantane, and Junciis FloriJus or Water Gladiole. 



SECT t 



