( 2§ ) 



SECT. XIII. Quater-Petals. Herb* Tetrapetal* Ray Hift. 

 848. Syn. 119. ed. 2. p. 177. Meth. ng. audi. 94. Dale 305. 

 Suppl. 160. Herb* flore Cruciformi EL Bot. 178. H. Ox. if. 3. 

 p. 295. I. R. H. 210. 



Thefe are eafily diftinguilhecl from others, in having only four 

 leaves in each flower. 



Of this tribe are the Wall and Sea Stock-Gillyflower ; Whitlow 

 Grafs ; Alliaria, Jack by the Hedge, or Sauce alone ; Sea Cole- 

 Worts ; Penny, Rock, Swine, and Wild Crefles ; divers Cuckow 

 Flowers, or Lady-Smocks ; Lepidium, Dittander, or Pepper-Wort; 

 Common, Tower, Mithridate, Treacle, White and Wild Mallards ; 

 Myagrum, or Gold of Pleafure ; Garden, Horfe, and Water Ra- 

 dilh ; Bafe, Crefs, Scrambling, Sea, Water, and Wild Rockets ; 

 Scurvv-Grafs ; Shepherds-Purfe ; Sophia Chyrurgorum, or Fhx- 

 Weed, and Woad. 



N. B. There are of thefe about fixty Englifh forts, and near 

 fifty of them have a biting muftard-Kke talle. 



To thefe Mr. Ray fubjoins the feveral forts of Veronica, or 

 Speedwell, as Paul's Betony, Hen-Bit, and other Falfe Chick- 

 Weeds, with three forts of Brook-Lime ; alfo the Ballard, Corn, 

 Sea-horned, and Wild Poppy ; Celandine, and divers kinds of 

 Lyflmachia, as the Rofebay and Codded Willow-Herb, or Loofe- 

 Strife. 



Of thefe lafl, or Anomal*, are near thirty forts found wild in 

 England. 



SECT. XIV. Cinque-Petals. Herb* Pentapetal* <vafculifer* 

 Ray Hift. Syn. 138. ed. 2. p. 198. Meth. 139. audi. 109. Dale 

 329. Sup. 200. El. Bot. 200. I. R.H. 234. H. Ox. f. 5. p. 45. 



This genus treats of fuch plants whofe flowers are divided into 

 Five Leaves, and are fucceeded by a hulk, capfule, or dry feed- 

 veflel, like the Dragon-Snouts ; but differ from them in the fhape 

 of the flower, thefe being more or lefs divided into five equal an- 

 gles or fedlions. 



The angular, or lefs-divided, are the Con-volvuli, or Bind- 

 Weeds ; Gentian, or Fel-Wort ; Campanula, or Bell-Flowers, and 

 Hen-Bane. 



The others are very numerous, and may be divided between 

 fuch whofe leaves grow oppofite, (as Pinks ; Lychnis, or Cam- 

 pions ; Dwarf Cillus, St. John's Wort, St. Peter's Wort, andTut- 

 fan ; Pimpernel, Centaury, Yellow Loofe-Strife, various forts of 

 Stich-Wort and Chick-Weed) and 



Such whofe leaves grow alternately, or in no fet order; as 

 feveral bicapfular Sedums, Sengreens, and Pride-Flowers ; alfo 

 Buck-Beans, Cowflips, Flax, Money-Wort, Mullein, Sun-Dew, 

 Wood-Sorrel, &c. To thefe may be added the Cranes-Bills ; 

 Common, Marlh, and Vervain Mallow ; Rampions and Throat- 

 Wort. 



SECT. XV. Six-Petals. Plant* Hexapetal*. 



Dr. Morifon, in his Hill. Plantar. Oxonienfis, feci. 4. p. 229. 

 calls thefe Hexapetal* tricapfulares ; Mr. Ray, Herb* radice Bul- 

 bofa,H\&. PI. p. 1104. Method. 151. audi. 114. Synopf. 163. 

 ed. 2. p. 228. Dale 352. Suppl. 220. ; and Dr. Tournefort, Herb* 

 fore Liliaceo, Inllitut. Rei Herbaria, claf. 9. p. 343. El. Bot. 2S5. 



The roots of thefe are generally coated like Onions, or fcaly as 

 Lillies ; and for the moll part have grafs, flag, or rulh-like leaves, 

 with fix regular petals in a triangular hulk or feed-veffel, as 

 Onions, Garlick, Ramfons, Daffodils, Ornithogali or Bethlem Stars, 

 Hyacinthi or Hare-Bells, True and Meadow Saffron, &c. Of thefe 

 in England we have not as yet found a fcore. 



SECT. XVI. Bulb-Kins. Herb* Bulbofis affixes Ray H. PI. 1 179. 

 Meth. 156. audi. 121. Syn. 1 68. ed. 2. p. 233. Dale 358. Sup. 

 230. Plant* mult icapfulares poly/perm* H. Ox. f. 12. p. 486. 

 Herb* fiore polypetalo anomalo Inll. R. Herb. claf. 11. p. 419. 

 El. Bot. 332. 



Mr. Ray having placed thefe next to the laft, from fome affinity 

 they have to them, we have therefore given them the name of 

 Bulb-Kins ; and, though fome of them have ftringy roots, yet 

 many others have them knobbed, large, and flefhy. What chiefly 

 dillinguifhes them above ground is their diffbrm flowers, in oppo- 

 fition to the laft: amongft thefe are a great variety of Iris or Flower- 

 dc-Luces, Orchifes, and others a-kin to them, amounting to 

 fomewhat more than forty Englifti fpecies. 



SECT. XVII. Dragon-Snouts. Nafiflor* Ray Hift. PI. 752. 

 Meth. 117. audi. 89. Syn. 104. ed. 2. p. 159. Dale 287. Sup. 

 1 56. I. R.H. el. 3. p. 158. and cl. n. 418. El. Bot. 1 30, 332. 



Thefe having, like the laft, an irregular or diffbrm flower, and 

 many of them either fnouted, hooded or heeled, with undetermi- 

 nate feed, inclofed in one or more receptacles, contrary in both 

 refpedls to the Whirl-Plants, Sedl. IX. for thefe reafons, and from 

 the generality of the fhapc of their flowers, I have denominated 

 them as above, and disjoined them from Mr. Ray's Herb* frutlu 

 ficco Jingulari, Jlore monopctalo uniformi, Hift. Plant. 710. Meth. 114. 

 audt. 84. Synopf. loi.ed. 2. p. 155. becaufe thefe flowers are dif- 

 form ; and from the Bulb-Kins, they having a different face. 



Amongft our Englifli Dragon-Snouts, we reckon the Toad-Flax, 

 Fluellin, and Snap-Dragons ; Fig- Wort, Fox-Glove, Butter- Wort; 

 Pedicularis, Rattle, Cockscomb, or Loufe-Wort ; Eye-Brirht and 

 Cow-Wheat; Balf amino. Lutea, Quick-in-Hand ; Hooded Milfoil, 

 and Violets. To thefe fome add Arum, or Wake-Robin ; Refeda, 



Bafe Rocket; Luteola, Wild Woad ; Sefamoides, of Spanifti Catch- 

 Fly ; Fumitory and Columbines. 



SECT. XVIII. Pea-Blooms. Pifflor*. Herb* flore Papilionaceo, 

 feu Leguminof*, Ray H. PI. 883. Syn. 127. ed. 2. p. 186. Meth. 

 129. audi. 10 1 . Dale 315. Tourn. El. Bot. 307. Inft.R.Herb. 

 cl. 4. 388. Hift. Ox. feci. 2. p. 45. 



Valerius Cordus, that early and accurate botanift, who died 

 1544. was the firft I have hitherto read of, that called thefe flow- 

 ers Papilionacei forma, becaufe they refemble fome Butterflies when 

 they fit with their wings expanded ; which Mr. Ray and others 

 have fmce followed. 



This tribe confifts of fuch herbs as are Scandent, or otherwife. 



The Scandent, or Tendril-twining, are Common and Everlaft- 

 ing Peafe ; Chichlings ; Aphaca, or Yellow Vetchling ; Tares, 

 Vetches, and Lentils* 



Thofe that climb not, are the Garden and Horfe Beans ; Com- 

 mon and Wild Liquorice ; Englifli Orob ; Wild Peafe ; Crimfon 

 Grafs-Vetch; Kidney, Horfe-Shoe, and Medick Vetch, or Saint- 

 Foin, and Birds-Foot. 



The Trifoliate are near twenty forts of Clover-Grafs, befides 

 Anonis, Rell-Harrow, or Cammoch ; Medicks and Codded Tre- 

 foils. Of thefe Pea-Blooms we have in England about fixty kinds. 



SECT. XIX. Cor n and Grass. Cerealia. Herb* Graminifoli* 

 flore imperfeilo, feu Culmifer*, Ray H. PI. 1 235. Syn. 177. ed. 2. 

 p. 244. Meth. 147. auft. 167. Dale 376. Suppl. 247. Herb* 

 flore apetalo, qu* Cereales appellantur, earumque ajflnibtts, Inft. R. 



H. 512. cl. 15. El. Bot. 413. Plant* Culmifer*, feu Calami- 

 fer*, H. Ox. feci. 8. p. 172. 



Mr. Ray, in his Improved Method of Plants, has added a par- 

 ticular one of Grafles, Rufhes, and Cyperoids, which, beinp- one 

 of the belt extant, we lhall chiefly follow. 



Corns and Grafles he divides under two general heads, viz. 

 either Spiked or Paniculated. 



The Firft are Wheat, Barley, Rye, and their Grafles ; Darnel, 

 Pannick, Fox and Cats-Tail, with others near of kind. To thefe 

 are added the Ramofe-fpiked, as Cocks-Feet, &c. 



The Paniculated are Oats and their Grafles, Reeds, Millets, 

 Cow-Quakes, and feveral Meadow-Grafies, that are beft diftin- 

 guilhed by their particular defcriptions and figures; of which, if 

 a certain reverend and learned perfon, very nice and curious in 

 the knowledge and critical diftindiion of our own native plants, 

 efpecially in thefe and others of the lefs-known tribes, would be 

 pleafed to publifti the obfervations he has made, he would highly 

 oblige all lovers of plants, and particularly our Engiilh botanifts. 



This Seciion confifts of above an hundred feveral Corns and 

 Grafles already difcovered within this ifland of Great-Britain ; and 

 doubtlefs feveral Hill lie hid. 



SECT. XX. RushyPlants. Junce* Plant*. Herb* Gramini- 

 foli*, non Culmifer*, flore imperfecio, Ray H. PI. 1 29 1. Syn. 194. 

 ed. 2. p. 263. Meth. 150. audi. 183. Dale 371. Suppl. 243. 



I. R. H. 527. cl. i£. EL Bot. 419. H. Ox. f. 8. cl. 20. p. 223. 



Under this Sediion are not only ranked the Round-ftalked Rufhes 

 and their Grafles, which bear feed in fmall three-cornered or 

 round capfules ; but alfo the Cyperus's and Cyperoids, which 

 generally bring forth their feed in fcaly or cone-like heads and 

 panicles. Both thefe have three-fquare ftalks : the Cyperoids have 

 generally a catkin, or farinaceous juli, at the top of each plant. 



Of thefe two plants and the ruihes there are near an hundred 

 feveral varieties in England, excluding the Bur-Reed, Cats-Tail, 

 and Calamus, or Sweet-Flag, which by moft botanifts are here 

 placed. 



SECT. XXI. Miscellany Plants. Herb* Anomal* 13 incert* 

 fedis Ray H. PI. 1319. Syn. 207. ed. 2. p. 278. Meth. 159. 

 audi. 128. Dale 385. Suppl. 256. 



This Seciion we throw in as aclafs of irregular or out-of-courfe 

 plants, not eafily reducible to the foregoing tribes : thofe Mr. Ray 

 takes notice of are the Water Lilly, White Rot, Water Aloes, 

 Water Star- Wort, Water Gladiole, and Codded Water-Grafs, 

 Pepper-Grafs, Moufe-Tail, Milk-Wort, Dodder, &c. and, though 

 fome of thefe, with others not mentioned, might perhaps find 

 places above, neverthelefs fuch as you cannot readily reduce, we 

 think, may not amifs be placed here, until a more fit clafs be 

 found for them. 



What remains, Sir, of herbs, are the Submarines, Mulhrooms, 

 Mofles, &c. They being very nice tribes, and daily improveable, 

 I lhall not here trouble you with them, in hopes they may fee the 

 light from an abler hand. 



Mr. Rays Method of Trees and Shrubs. 



THE firft clafs this learned author ftiles Ar bores Flore a 

 Frutlu fjunSlo, (i. e.) Trees . whofe Flowers and Fruit are 

 feparate ; which I believe, upon ftridi examination, may require 

 another epithet, efpecially many of them ; as, for example, the 

 Filbert and Hazle-Nut, the firft of which, as I have often obferved, 

 come from a fmall ftamineous fcarlet flower, as you may perceive 

 in the fpring before the leaves fhoot out : thefe have not been taken 

 notice of till of late years ; for which reafon they then prefumed 

 the juli, or catkins, which appear long before them, were the 



flowers ; 



