Banker: Type Studies in the Hydnaceae 273 



be ignored on technical grounds. In the same work cited above, 

 Adanson pubHshed the genus Martela based on Agaricum 

 Micheli pL 64. f. i and 2; Battara, pi. 5J. /. C ; Corallo fungus 

 Vaillant Botanicon pi. 8. f. i." This genus, like his Manina, 

 was not established according to modern rules. It is, however, 

 important to note that from the citations it included a somewhat 

 heterogeneous collection of forms. The citations from Battarra 

 and Vaillant indicate branched forms of Clavaria similar to Adan- 

 son's Manina. The citation from Micheli is of more interest. 

 The second figure is clearly a form belonging in Manina Scop, 

 and is quite typical of the genus. Figure i is the form since 

 known as Hydnum hystricinum Batsch = Hydnum Hystrix 

 (Pers.) Fr. So far as Martella Adans. has any type this species 

 must be considered its type. The species both of Batsch and of 

 Fries appears to have been based on Micheli's figure and it ap- 

 pears very doubtful if the form represents a good species. The 

 figure shows a short cylindric stipe terminating above in numerous 

 straight, diverging, erect teeth. 



In 1770, Scopoli took up Adanson's name in "Anni historico- 

 naturales" 4: 151 and established it as a genus under the form 

 Martella^ by publishing it with the species Martella Echinus Scop, 

 as the type. This latter species differed from Micheli's plant 

 only in being yellow in color and having the teeth or spines fistu- 

 lose. It is evident, therefore, that Martella as conceived both 

 by Adanson and Scopoli stood for forms in which the teeth or 

 spines stood erect, pointing upward and were not pendent as in 

 the case of Manina Scop. Martella Scop., therefore, is strictly 

 congeneric with Hericium Fries as treated in Fries, Hymeno- 

 mycetes Europeae" 617. 



We must now turn aside to consider the status of the genus 

 Hericium Fries. This genus was published by Fries in his " Sys- 

 tema Orbis Vegetabilis," p. 88, in 1825 and he there definitely 

 stated that it was not to be confused with Hericium Pers., the 

 type of which he asserted was Hydnum coralloides. It seems 

 probable that Fries' conception of Hericium Pers. was that of 

 Manina Scop. What was his conception of his own Hericium? 



* This appears to be the correct form, as the word is doubtless from the 

 Italian Martello, a scourge. 



