240 



Mycologia 



from both fungi and algae to be recognized as a distinct class. 

 The fact that when either of the symbionts is removed the auton- 

 omy of the lichen ceases to exist is also a strong argument for the 

 maintenance of a lichen class. Ecologist, Mycologist, I. 



Quotation 3 



I think that it is expedient to preserve the lichens as a class. 

 It seems to me, indeed, that the lichens constitute a special line of 

 evolution ; without doubt the algae and the fungi associated have 

 each preserved the structure and the development which are 

 characteristic of them ; but the association has acquired some 

 new characters which are all dependent upon the ordinary factors 

 of evolution as the numerous forms and varieties that exist give 

 evidence. The distribution of the lichens among the other fungi 

 would result, in my opinion, in failure to recognize this essen- 

 tial point of the biology of these organisms. Morphologist, I.* 



Quotation 4 



With reference to your question on lichens, I consider that they 

 should be maintained as a distinct class. I hold this view on 

 the grounds that the fungi of the lichen have become specially 

 modified in relation to their symbiotic mode of life. This is 

 seen by one fact that only one or two of the lichen fungi are 

 known in the free state. We are therefore ignorant of them in 

 the free state, and so they cannot be studied as fungi. Mycol- 

 ogist, 1. 



Quotation 5 



The lichens must be treated as a special class, since the connect- 

 ing links with the fungi are very few, and nearly all living species 



* Je pense qu'il.est utile de conserver la classe de Lichens: il me semble 

 en effet que les Lichens constituent une ligne devolution speciale : sans doute 

 l'algue et le champignon associes ont conserve chacun la structure et le devel- 

 oppement qui leur sont propres : mais l'association a acquis de nouveaux 

 caracteres qui sont tous la dependance des facteurs ordinaires de revolution 

 comme en temoignent les nonbreuses formes et varietes qui existent. Dis- 

 tribuer les Lichens parmi les autres champignons aurait pour resultat, a. mom 

 avis; de meconnaitre ce point essentiel de la biologie de ces etres. 



