Fink: Nature and Classification of Lichens 263 

 Quotation 38 



With respect to their hyphae and their fruiting bodies, the 

 lichens show the same development and the same .structure as the 

 ascomycetous fungi. The lichens differ from the Ascomycetes 

 only through their living with algae. Completely similar Asco- 

 mycetes without Algae have been shown to exist, for instance, 

 among the Patellariaceae, the Verrucariaceae, etc. Very many 

 Ascomycetes have variously constructed stromata. The lichen- 

 thallus appears in its diversity, corresponding to the stromata of 

 the Ascomycetes, through the various algal colonies living and 

 growing within it, and through the condition of living and nour- 

 ishing of this stroma thereby induced. Very frequent parallelism 

 of the Ascomycetes and lichens is proven, and a distribution of 

 the lichens among the Ascomycetes is possible and admissible. 

 Mycologist, a, 1- (i 0 ).-* 



Quotation 39 



I do not think lichens could be maintained as a distinct class 

 as the term class is understood in taxonomy. In a natural sys- 

 tem of plants, I believe, they should be associated with the fungi 

 according to structural characters. It might, however, be very 

 convenient to treat of them separately from the fungi as lichens. 

 Their relations with the algae with the peculiar structure they 

 form rather make them, as a whole, of special interest apart from 

 other groups or associations of plants. For this reason certain 

 persons have interested themselves in the lichens just as some 

 interest themselves in the parasitic fungi rather than the fungi as 

 a whole. There will probably always be an interest and necessity 



* Die Lichenes zeigen in Bezug auf ihre Hyphen und ihre fruchtbildenden 

 Organe die gleiche Entwicklung und die gleiche Ausbildung mit den Ascomy- 

 ceten der Fungi. Die Lichenes unterscheiden sich von den Ascomycetes nur 

 durch ihr zusamenleben mit Algen, vollig gleiche Ascomyceten ohne Algen sind, 

 z. B. bei den Patellariaceen, Verrucarieen, etc. erwiesen. Zahlreichste Ascomy- 

 ceten haben verschieden gebildete Stromata. Der Flechten-Thallus in seiner 

 Mannigfaltigkeit entsteht, als dem Stroma der Ascomyceten entsprechend, 

 durch die verschiedenen in ihm lebenden und gedeihenden Algen-Colonien und 

 die dadurch veranlasste Lebens- und Ernahrungsweise dieses Stroma. Viel- 

 fachste Parallelitat der Ascomyceten und Lichenen ist erwiesen, eine Aufteilung 

 der Lichenes unter die Ascomyceten moglich und statthaft. 



