xvi 



CONTENTS. 



PART 11. 



OF THE SCIENCE OF THE STUDY OF TREES. 



Chap. I. 



Of the Study of Trees pictorially, or as 

 component Parts of General Scenery, 

 193. 



Sect. I. Of the Study of the Forms 

 of Trees and Shrubs, 193. 



Height and Breadth, Fonri and Outline, 194. 

 Light and Shade, Colours, Trunks of Trees, 

 195. Branches, 196. Mode of Growth, Mode 

 of Tufting, Leaves, Spray, Buds, 197. 



Sect. II. Of the Expression and 

 Character of Trees and Shrubs 

 considered pictorially, 198. 



Character, Regularity, 198. SjTnmetry, Or- 

 ganic Beauty, Moral and Historical Expres- 

 sion, 199. Picturesque Beauty, Gardenesque 

 Beauty, Architectural and Sculpturesque 

 Trees, Viewing Trees with Reference to 

 their Beauty as Organic Forms, 200. Trees 

 with Local Associations, 201. 



Sect. III. Of the Mode of drawing 

 Trees from Nature, in such a 

 Manner as to give the general 

 Pictorial Expression of the Species 

 of Tree delineated, 202. 



Choice of Specimens, 202. ; Details of the Pro- 

 cess, 203. Drawing to a Scale, 204. Draw- 

 ing the Leaves in order to exhibit the 

 " Touch," 207. Botanical Specimens, 209. 



Chap. II. 



Trees and Shrubs considered botanically, 

 211. 



Sect. I. Of the Classification of Trees 

 and Shrubs, 211. 



Alphabetical Arrangement, 211. Linnajan 

 Arrangement; Jussieuean, or Natural, Ar- 

 rangement, 212. 



Sect. 11. Of the Distinction between 

 Species and Varieties in Trees 

 and Shrubs, 212. 



Definition of a Species ; Cultivated Varieties, 

 Accidental Varieties, 213. Botanical Species, 

 214. Species according to De Candolle, 21.5. ; 

 Races according to the same Author, 215. 

 Varieties, Variations, Mules and Hybrids, 

 Botanical Species according to De Candolle 



Sect. III. Of the Mode of describing 

 Trees and Shrubs, 217. 



Unavoidable Evils of describing Plants from 

 dried Specimens, 218. 



Chap. III. 



Trees and Shrubs considered with Re- 

 ference to their Uses in the Eco- 

 nomy of Nature, and to Man, 219. 



Sect. I. Trees and Shrubs considered 

 with Reference to uncultivated 

 Nature, 220. 



Influence of a Predominance of Forest on the 

 indigenous Animals ; on the herbaceous 

 Plants ; on theWaters, Rivers, and Lakes ; in 

 increasing the Moisture of the Atmosphere ; 

 in moderating the Heat of Summer, and the 

 Cold of Winter, 220, Forests of Britain, of 

 France, of Germany, of Italy. 220. ; of 

 Holland, Belgium, &c., 221. 



Sect. II. Trees and Shrubs con- 

 sidered with Reference to Man, 

 221. 



Uses of Timber in Arts and Manufactures, 

 221. Of the Fruit, Flowers, and other Pro- 

 ducts of Trees in Domestic Economy, 222. 



Chap. IV. 



Summary of Particulars to be taken 

 into Consideration, in preparing the 

 Description, and Natural and Econo- 

 mical History, of Trees and Shrubs, 

 222. 



Classification : Genera, Distinctive Character, 

 Identifications, S}Tion3rmes, Derivations, 222- 

 Engravings: Engravings of Trees, Pictorial 

 Signs, Descriptions, Descriptive Details, 223. 

 General Descriptions, 224. Casualties : Insects 

 and Vermin, Parasitical Plants, Diseases, Ac- 

 cidents, 225. Geographical Distribution, 226. 

 History: Retrospective History, Prospective 

 History, 226. Use: Arts of Construction, 226. ; 

 Manufacture of Machinery, &c., the Arts of Fa- 

 brication, Chemical Arts, Arts of Domestic 

 Economy, the Arts of Rural Economy. Medi- 

 cine, the Use of Trees by the Priests of par- 

 ticular Religions ; Poetical, Mythological, and 

 Legendary Associations ; the Picturesque and 

 DecorativeUses of Trees, 227. Propagation: Na- 

 tural Propagation, Artificial Propagation, 227. 

 Culture : the Soil, Situation, and Exposure, 

 Culture in the Nursery, 228.; Choice of Plants, 

 and planting out ; Culture after final removal ; 

 Species adapted for Succession, 229. Statistics : 

 Geographical Statistics, 229. ; Commercial Sta- 

 tistics, 230. 



