230 SCIENCE OF THE STUDY OF TREES. PART II. 



4. Denmark. 5. Sweden and Norway. 6. Russia and Poland. 

 7. Switzerland. 8. Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. 



b. America. ] . North America. 2. Mexico. 3. South America. 



c. Asia. 1. Asia Minor. 2. India. 3. China. 4. Japan. 



d. Australia and Polynesia. 1. Van Diemen's Land. 2. New South 

 Wales. 3. New Zealand. 



B. Commercial Statistics. Trees and shrubs are objects of commerce : in 

 their young state, as plants ; and in their more matured state, as timber, 

 fencewood, fuel, bark, leaves, fruit, seeds, &c. 



a. Nursery Commerce, domestic and foreign. Some trees and shrubs, 

 from being in little demand, are scarcely known out of private gar- 

 dens, or public botanical establishments ; others are cultivated in the 

 nurseries, some very generally, and others only partially. Under 

 the head of Commercial Statistics, we shall notice whether the spe- 

 cies is cultivated only in some nurseries, or generally ; and we shall 

 give the prices of plants of the smallest size fit for transplanting, and 

 also of seeds when they are to be procured : in London ; in the exten- 

 sive nurseries of Messrs. Baumann at BoUwyller on the Rhine, as a 

 situation central for France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy ; and 

 in New York, as a central situation for North America. 



b. General Commerce, domestic and foreign. Under this head it will be 

 our object to notice such trees, or their products, as are in general 

 transfer in the internal commerce of the country ; and such, also, as 

 are exported or imported. Some woods, as the pine, fir, oak, elm, 

 &c,, are in general commerce ; and so, also, are some other products, 

 such as oak bark ; but the timber of the spindle tree and the labur- 

 num, the inner bark of the holly, and the flowers of the elder bush, 

 enter into the commerce only of particular places. What we shall 

 state respecting either the foreign or domestic commerce of trees 

 and shrubs, will be limited to what relates to the trees and shrubs of 

 temperate climates ; that is, to those species which are desci-ibed in 

 this work. 



Such is the beau ideal of the desiderata which we intend to keep in view, 

 when describing each species j but we by no means bind ourselves to have, 

 in our descriptions, a separate heading for each of the paragraphs in this 

 Chapter ; on the contrary, it will generally be found, that all that we have to 

 say respecting each species will be included in the paragraphs entitled. Iden- 

 tification, Synonymes, Derivation, Engravings, Specific Character, Varieties, 

 Description, Geography, History, Properties arid Uses, Soil and Situation, 

 Propagation and Culture, Accidents and Diseases, and Statistics. 



All the matter included under the first four headings, as being of less inte- 

 rest to the general reader, we have placed in small type, in order that it may 

 occupy but little space, and be easily passed over by those who do not wish 

 to read it. We have also placed in small type the whole of the matter re- 

 lating to species which have not been seen by us ; and also to those which are 

 only half-hardy, and require either to be planted against a conservative wall, 

 or otherwise to receive some kind of protection during the most severe 

 weather in winter. We have done this, though we consider what relates to 

 the species which require some protection, as likely to prove one of the most 

 interesting parts of our work to many gardeners and amateurs (for what 

 would the enjoyments of gardening be, without the elegant cares of exotic 

 culture ?), in order that those who take an interest only in hardy trees and 

 shrubs may distinguish, at a glance, what belongs to them. 



