8 



THE ETHKOLOQT OF EASTERN ASIA. 



*d at the endi* particularly in front j length of the lower jaw, pro- 

 minence and angularity of the cheek bones, outer extension of both, 

 producing a great breadth of face, particularly across the cheek 

 bones, and a comparative narrowness of the forehead, so as to give 

 the whole contour a lozenge shape ; nasal bones flat and broad, so 

 that th • check bones and the space between the eyes are nearly in 

 the same plane j the lower" part or end of the nose rounded, fleshy 

 nnd thick, not flat as in the negro ; nostrils open, broad '«r diverg- 

 ing, but in this respect there is considerable difference in the various 

 races ; orbits very large nnd deep, but the eyes small and widely apart 

 and the opening between the eyelids? narrow and inclined upwards 

 from the nose outwards ; eyebrmvs thin and arched j lips large 

 and thick hut riot projecting ; hair black, thick r nnd long j beard 

 scanty; colour yellowish to copper; persona in most races 

 of or rather below ihe middle height, in some races squat, 

 but in others neat and light; trunk square, limbs short; in 

 Fume the muscles thick and well developed with a ten- 

 deney to fat, in others thin, Besides the pyramidal or lo- 

 zenge shaped contour there are many other prevailing types, 

 bat the most important varieties are the oblong or elongated 

 and the obtusely ovoid or approximately orbicular forms. The 

 first depends greatly on the depth of the jaws and the distance 

 between the angles oi the lower jaw and the zygoma, and may be 

 combined with she lozenffe or ovoid as the forehead is narrow or 

 expanded. The second depends chiefly on the expansion of tha 

 forehead and consequent obliteration of the lateral projection of the 



In all these changes the expansion of the bend at tlw cheek bones is the distin- 

 guishing feature of the- Taranlan contour, and that which prevents its attaining 

 the oblong elliptic of the finer Indo-liuropean physiognomy. The cheek bones 

 may either stand out laierallv both from the face and the forehead ; or they may 

 form a portion of the lateral faehl projection and stand out with it from the 

 forehead • or lastly they may form a continuation of a sinciputal lateral expansion 

 and thus stand oat with it Irotn the face. 



The most marked I'orm is the first, which produces the lozenge, acutely orbicular 

 and oblate elliptic tonus. 



The lateral tacial expansion (Including the check bones) produce* the oblong, in 

 which the lower jaws are large nnd extend outwards more than upwards*, sometimes 

 so much as lo make the face broader nt the base than at the zygoma. Tlu^ exag- 

 gerated variety may be termed the wide jawed oblong. The common varieties are 

 the angular oblong and the curved oblong, the face in all lwing remarably large. 

 Tin latter is the most common American and Chinese ibrm. The former is also 

 found amongst the rhinese, Japanese and allied races. In the oblong forms, the 

 narrow sinciput, retreating and high hut sometime, low, N generally conoidal, or 

 ridged, and the cheek bones have an anterior prominence. Tin*, in the tribes tend- 

 ing to obesity, produces k heavy fleshy face. When the forehead is less narrow a 

 more regular rounded oblong la produced. 



In the third type, in which the cheek bones make an unbroken continuation of 

 the laterally expanded forehead, the hitler is generally orbicular and sometimes 

 ovnl, nnd the lower part of the face generally acutely 'hyperbolic This produce* 

 the ovoid form, of which there are many varieties. When the sinciput has a great 

 development compared with the lower part of the faee, it may be called obtuse, and 

 when the whole has n sharp pear shape it may he ealled acute. When the whole 

 has a remarkable lnt>*ral development it may h' called ohtate and when greatly 

 elongate] oMonjf. It will be remarked that" this ibrm is to a certain extent tlie 

 second form reversed, the expansion being transferred from the jaws to the forehead. 



