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THE ETnKOLftOY OF EASTERN All A. 



SECT- 2- Ethnic Regions of Easter n A/fa ; the races 'inhabiting them i their 

 general physiological peculiarities f and their fundamental connection in 

 physiological and mental character, languages and customs. 



Eastern Asia for ethnic purpose may be divided into the 

 following regions : — 1st, S. E, Asia and the Tibeto-Gangetic 

 districts Extending nearly from the Kuen-lun to the Vindya 



Dally from the W. extremity of the northern chain to the E. 

 extremity of the southern. The whole region forma a trian- 

 gle, of which th* apex is Singapore*, and the base the southern 

 margin of the desert of Gobi, mnrked by bands of mountains 

 (Shan*garjan, Ala shan, Khilian shan, Nan phan and Kuen-lun,) 

 extending along the Asiatic plateau in a S. W. and W, direction 

 from the Yellow Sea to the great mountain knot formed by the 

 meeting of the Kuen-lun, BoW, Hindu-kush and Himalayan 

 ranges. With the exception of the tract between the basin of the 

 Zangbo and the Kuen-lun range, which belongs to the middle of 

 the eastern table land, having no drainage into the Oceanic basins, 

 the whole region slopes; from the margin of the plateau to the east 

 and south, the eastern slope being marked by the fall of the Zangbo, 

 Ganges, Yang-tse-kiang and Hoangho throughout a large part 

 of their courses, while the southern is mark" d by the fafi of the 

 Irawadi, Saluen, Menam and Mekong and partly by that of the 

 first mentioned rivers. 2nd, the region stretching eastward behind 

 the first, embracing the central desert of Gobi, a narrow margin 

 of the 8. E. basins, a large portion of the N. and Eastern ones and 

 the Ainojapanesian Archipelago. 3rd N« E. Asia. To the last 

 belong the Yakuti,Yukahiri,Chukcbi-Koriak, Kamchatka, Nam ol- 

 io, Aleutian and other tribes most of which are strongly allied to 

 the American; to the second region belong the Aino, Japanese, 

 Korian, Tannfuaian, Mongolian and Turkish races ; and to the first 

 region the Chinese, Anam, Lau, Burmese, Tibetan, and Indn- 

 Tibetan races, with many smaller ones allied to them. 



These races are physiologically closely related to each other, as 

 they all form varieties of one of the great physical types of man— 

 the Turanian.* The predominant Turanian type of middle and 

 northern Asia is distinguished hy a pyramidal or rather conoidal 

 ekullj the oval of the ba^i^ erauii laterally expanded, and compreas- 



• Tho ofawtvatiaa vt the varieties of the Turanian head found in Singapore has 

 eogftested the following murk* on the mode In which they affect the contour of the 

 face, which it may lie CuefaJ to bear in mind in reading the text. The prevalent 

 forma of the skull m the Turanian, as in other races, give either an angular or a 

 curved contour to the tace, and the lingular or the curved may lie oblong or oblate. 

 In the Turanian races we Khali eall the oblong angular simply oblong, and the 

 oblate angular aqaarc or lozenge shaped as it may approximate to the one or other 

 form. In the Turanian the ovoid is far more common than the elliptic The 

 oblong ovoid sometime approximates to the elliptic and the oblate ovoid loraetitaw 

 becoinea nearly orbicular 



