OF THE POLAR SEA. 



159 



These artful fellows usually gain complete ascendency over the 

 minds of their companions. They are supported by voluntary con- 

 tributions of provision, that their minds may not be diverted by 

 the labour of hunting, from the peculiar duties of their profession. 



The chiefs among the Chipewyans are now totally without power. 

 The presents of a flag, and a gaudy dress, still bestowed upon 

 them by the traders, do not procure for them any respect or obe- 

 dience, except from the youths of their own families. This is to 

 be attributed mainly to their living at peace with their neighbours, 

 and to the facility which the young men find in getting their wants 

 supplied independent of the recommendation of the chiefs, which 

 was formerly required. In war excursions, boldness and intrepidity 

 would still command respect and procure authority; but the influence 

 thus acquired would, probably, cease with the occasion that called 

 it forth. The traders, however, endeavour to support their autho- 

 rity by continuing towards them the accustomed marks of respect, 

 hoisting the flag, and firing a salute of musketry on their entering 

 the fort. 



The chief halts at a distance from the house, and despatches one 

 of his young men to announce his approach, and to bring his flag, 

 which is carried before him when he arrives. The messenger also 

 carries to him some vermilion to ornament the faces of his party, to- 

 gether with a looking-glass and comb, some tobacco, and a few rounds 

 of ammunition, that they may return the salute. These men paint 

 round the eyes, the forehead, and the cheek bones. 



The Northern Indians evince no little vanity, by assuming to 

 themselves the comprehensive title of " The People," whilst they 

 designate all other nations by the name of their particular country. 

 If men were seen at a distance, and a Chipewyan was asked who 

 those persons were, he would answer, The People, if he recognised 

 them to belong to his tribe, and never Chipewyans ; but he would 



